秦汉西北边地治理研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 01:51

本文关键词： 秦汉西北边地治理决策任用体制　出处：《西北大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 边郡概念有广义、狭义之分,边郡与内郡生产方式的差异对社会面貌有决定性的影响。秦汉有过两次边郡设置的高潮,设立过众多边郡。边郡有三种变化趋向：边郡的内地化,边郡的维持,边郡的衰落废弃。秦汉设置过郡、属国和刺史等常设职官机构,还有一些特设军镇机构,维持对西北边地的控制。涉边决策体制包括涉边决策的需要、信息收集、朝议过程、制约监督等环节。中央涉边机构有典客(大鸿胪)、典属国、主客尚书等,主要是进行边政决策；地方行政系统执行决策中有很大实权,有的边郡还代管了一些边外事务。涉边机构的运行有其自身的特点。秦汉文书在行政体制中有极重要的地位,涉边文书在运行中有其突出的特色。地方长官自出条教,独立施政创制。官吏任用有籍贯限制,还有很强的地域性因素,存在一定的规律。边地存在不少官职空缺,需要职务代理的情况。有许多具体规定反映出人事任免具有若干理性行政的色彩。边地官员选任受军事斗争的形势、复杂的民族关系和武勇的社会风气等许多因素的影响。秦汉王朝边地治理的功绩成效各异。秦逐渐制服、蚕食义渠,典型反映了秦在边地开拓治理中锲而不舍的精神。西汉与乌孙关系的发展变化典型反映了西汉在边地开拓治理中取得的巨大成就,也反映出经营西域的艰巨性和复杂性。东汉在西北对羌人长期用兵,代价巨大,典型反映了东汉在边地治理中守成多于开拓。国野之分、边将权重可能是边地治理特殊体制的历史渊源。君主依故事而行,可能也是一种制度上的路径依赖。秦汉地方行政体制将地方分成三类：京畿、内郡和边郡。秦汉边地治理存在两套治理体系,中央对边地有许多优抚照顾,迁徙大量的人口到边地并进行严格管理,中央经常专门派出使者巡视边地情况等,有其特点。边地的治理也是有费用的,治理成本关系到治理成败,边地存废。边地特色在制度上有其必然性,西北边地治理在历史上有其典范性。
[Abstract]:The concept of border county has broad sense and narrow sense. The difference between the production mode of border county and inner county has a decisive effect on the social outlook. The Qin and Han dynasties had two climax of border county setting. Many border counties have been set up. There are three trends: the inland of the border county, the maintenance of the border county, the decline and abandonment of the border county. The Qin and Han dynasties set up the county, the state and the history of thorn and other permanent official organizations, as well as some special army town agencies. Maintain control of the northwest border. The decision-making system includes the needs of decision making, information collection, the process of the North Korean discussion, the restriction of supervision and so on. Local administrative system in the implementation of decision-making has a lot of real power, some border county also managed some side outside affairs. The operation of the border agencies have their own characteristics. Qin and Han documents in the administrative system has a very important position. There are prominent features in the operation of the paper. The appointment of government officials has local restrictions, there are also strong regional factors, there are certain laws, there are many official vacancies in the border areas. There are many specific provisions reflecting that the appointment and removal of personnel has a number of rational administrative colors. The situation of selecting and appointing officials in the border areas is subject to military struggle. Complex ethnic relations and Wuyong social atmosphere and many other factors. The achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties were different. Qin gradually subdued and encroached on the canal. The development and change of the relationship between the Western Han Dynasty and the Wu Sun reflected the great achievements of the Western Han Dynasty in the border area development and governance. It also reflects the difficulty and complexity of managing the western regions. The Eastern Han Dynasty used troops to the Qiang people for a long time in the northwest of China, and the cost was huge, which typically reflected that the Eastern Han Dynasty was more successful than pioneering in the management of the border areas. According to the story, the monarch may also be a kind of path dependence on the system. The local administrative system of Qin and Han Dynasty can be divided into three categories: capital. There are two sets of governance systems in the governance of the border areas of the Inner County and the Border County. The central government has a lot of preferential care for the border areas, migrates a large number of people to the border areas and carries out strict management, and the central government often sends special emissaries to inspect the situation of the border areas and so on. The management cost of the border area is related to the success or failure of the governance and the existence of the frontier land. The characteristics of the border area have its inevitability in the system, and the governance of the northwest border area has its exemplary character in history.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K232

【引证文献】