越名教而任自然——嵇康及其思想研究
发布时间：2018-02-10 02:19
本文关键词： 名教 任自然 自然 嵇康 及其 思想 研究 出处：《重庆师范大学》2003年硕士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】： 嵇康是魏晋时期竹林七贤中的代表人物之一，也是魏晋时期重要的思想家之一。在司马氏以封建名教治天下时期，他提出了以“越名教而任自然”为核心的自然主义思想，在当时真所谓惊世骇俗，振聋发聩，即表现了他作为思想家的理论敏锐性，又表现了他作为一名正直士人的大无畏精神。嵇康向往过一种优游容与、自然而然的生活，但在现实生活中他又无法真正摆脱现实的羁绊，因此在他思想中所表现出的理想化与现实之间出现了诸多的矛盾。本文拟从以下几个方面对嵇康的思想以及他的现实人生进行分析。 一、嵇康思想的历史、社会、思想背景。 嵇康思想远承道家“自然无为”的精神，也是魏晋玄学发展到竹林时期的一种典型代表。他的思想的出现与当时的社会时代背景有密不可分的关系，“高平陵事件”之后，司马氏掌握了国家政权，以虚伪名教治理天下。嵇康作为曹魏的女婿，本人又秉性刚直，遂针对虚伪名教提出了“越名教而任自然”的思想。同时，玄学思潮的兴起也对嵇康思想有重要影响。 二、嵇康思想的基本架构。 嵇康思想理论体系的特征和贯穿其始终的一条主线是自然主义。嵇康的自然主义以他的自然观为理论基础。他自然观的核心是气一元论。嵇康自然主义在理论体系上主要表现为三点：一是他认为元气自然；二是人性自然；三是度、数(规律)自然。 嵇康思想的核心是他“越名教而任自然”的思想。“越名教而任自然”的思想主要由两个部分组成。“越名教”着重从“破”的方面入手，通过深刻揭露礼法之士的虚伪面目，批判当时的社会制度与社会现实，非毁统治秩序的理论依据——圣人和经典，抛弃名利仕禄来实现的。“任自然”从“立”的方面入手，着重阐述其理想生活状态和理想社会构成。 三、嵇康现实人生和生活实践。 嵇康的自然主义表现出重客观、顺自然的特点。不过，，他并没有将其贯彻到实际生活态度和方式中，由于他过分执着于自我精神境界的追求，从而有违于其“自然而然”的初衷。嵇康在现实生活中的行为方式主要表现出三个特点：一是师心傲物；二是使气任性；三是一往情深。 四、嵇康思想与其生活实践之间的矛盾。 嵇康无法将自然主义思想的初衷落实到现实生活中。在现实生活中他过于执着于“自我”的圄限，执着于理想人格的追求，无法真正做到 摘要 虚淡、自然而然。因此，他不可避免地深陷于理想和现实的矛盾中无法 自拔，出现了诸多矛盾言行。 五、稚康化解矛盾的方式。 为了能化解矛盾所带来的痛苦，秘康移情音乐，醉心于主体的超越， 徜徉于审美的世界，希望在审美中达到心灵的平和。在养生思想中，他 醉心于世俗的超越，希望通过个人的养性全真，达到理想的超然境界。 六、稻康及其思想的价值和意义。 秘康思想具有重要的理论和现实意义。从学术价值上来说，它将玄 学中“自然无为”思想的纯哲学意境人间化了;从人生哲学上来看，它 提升了人的主体地位，肯定了人本身的价值;更重要的是对当时社会的 影响，他站在社会批判者的立场，以彻底不妥协的态度对黑暗社会现实 进行批判和斗争。虽然他的行为杯水车薪，无异于以卵击石，但他的人 格魅力却对后世产生了深远。
[Abstract]:Ji Kang is one of the representatives of the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the bamboo grove, is one of the important thinkers in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In Sima's feudal Confucian governing period, he put forward a "yuemingjiao and natural" as the core of the naturalistic thought, at the time of the so-called Great Teaching, which shows his shock, as a thinker the theory of acumen, and shows him as an honest scholar of the dauntless spirit. Ji Kang is expected to have a free volume and natural life, but in reality he was unable to get rid of the fetters of reality, many of the contradictions between the ideal for this in his mind which appears in reality and this thesis will analyze Ji Kang's thought and his real life from the following aspects.
First, the history, society, and ideological background of Ji Kang's thought.
Ji Kang thought inherited the Taoist "natural inaction" of the spirit, a typical development is metaphysics during Zhulin period. His thought has a close relationship with the social background of that time, after "Gaoping Ling incident", Sima's grasp of the state power, to rule the world. Ji Kang named hypocrisy as Wei the son, I also mettle upright and then for the false teachers put forward "yuemingjiao and natural". At the same time, the rise of metaphysics also have important influence on Ji Kang's thought.
Two, the basic framework of Ji Kang's thought.
The characteristics of the theoretical system of Ji Kang thought and through the beginning of a line is naturalism. Ji Kang's naturalism in his view of nature as the theoretical basis. The core of his view of nature is the gas monism. Ji Kang's naturalism in theory mainly in three points: one is that he thinks the vitality of nature; two is human nature; three degree (Law), the number of natural.
The core of Ji Kang's thought is his "yuemingjiao and natural" thinking. "Yuemingjiao and natural" thought mainly consists of two parts. "The teaching" focuses on the "broken" aspects by hypocrisy unmasked etiquette people, and criticize the social system at that time the social reality, the theoretical basis of the ruling order, non destruction of saints and classics, abandoning reputation andbenefits to achieve. "Nature" starting from "Li", focuses on the ideal living state and ideal society.
Three, Ji Kang's real life and life practice.
Ji Kang's naturalism had objectively, natural characteristics. However, he did not carry out to the actual attitude and way of life, because he is too self clinging to the pursuit of the spiritual realm, which is contrary to the original intention of the "natural". Ji Kang in real life behavior mainly show three characteristics: one is the division of a proud heart; the two is to make the gas spoied; three is passionately devoted.
Four, the contradiction between Ji Kang's thought and his life practice.
Ji Kang will not be able to implement the original intention of naturalism in real life. In real life, he is too obsessed with the "self" is limited, dedicated to the pursuit of ideal personality, can not truly
abstract
As a result, he inevitably falls into the contradiction between the ideal and the reality.
There have been many contradictions and actions.
Five, the way for juveniles to resolve contradictions.
In order to dissolve the pain caused by the contradiction, the constipation empathy music, and is obsessed with the transcendence of the main body.
To wander in the aesthetic world and to achieve the peace of mind in the aesthetic. In the thought of health, he
Beyond indulging in secular, hope through personal cultivation of Quanzhen, reach ideal transcendent realm.
Six, the value and significance of the rice Kang and his thought.
The thought of constipation has important theoretical and practical significance. From the academic value, it will be metaphysical.
The pure philosophical conception of "natural inaction" in learning is human; from the philosophy of life, it
It has promoted the status of the human body and affirmed the value of the man itself; more importantly, it was the society at that time.
He stands in the position of the social critic, with a thorough and uncompromising attitude towards the reality of the dark society
杩涜鎵瑰垽鍜屾枟浜
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