清代漕运行程中重大问题:漕限、江程、土宜

发布时间:2018-02-10 22:46

  本文关键词: 清代 漕运 漕运行程 漕限 江程 土宜 出处:《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013年05期  论文类型:期刊论文


【摘要】:漕运行程是整个漕事活动最重要的组成部分,也是朝廷着力最大、耗时最长、费资最多的环节,而清代漕运行程中的漕限、水程、土宜诸问题集中地反映清代漕运中的重大问题,即秩序、成本以及漕运与社会的交涉。清廷对于漕运各个环节的期限都做了十分具体的规定,并制定了一系列配套规制,漕限不仅维持漕船的有序行进与漕粮抵京,更重要的是保证每年周而复始的漕运秩序,秩序之于王朝的意义在漕运事务中体现无遗;清代漕运无论是江程抑或河程,"险隘处所"在在皆有,由此所导致的直接后果是漕运的高成本,集权政治具有强大的资源调配效能,但是其所造成的社会性消耗也是巨大的;而漕船附载"土宜"意在解决漕运人员的生计问题,但客观上引发了漕运人员沿途的商业贸易活动,并将漕运活动推入长江中下游尤其是运河一线的商业链条中,成为沟通南北物质交流的重要渠道。在社会变迁中,国家事务必然与社会发生深度的交涉与互动。
[Abstract]:The Caoyun itinerary is the most important part of the whole Caoshi activity, and it is also the link in which the imperial court has the greatest effort, the longest time consuming, and the most expensive investment. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the Caojin and the waterway in the water transport itinerary were limited. The problems should reflect the major problems in the water transportation in the Qing Dynasty, that is, order, cost, and the negotiations between the water transportation and the society. The Qing government made very specific provisions on the duration of each link of the water transportation, and formulated a series of supporting regulations. Cao-limited not only maintains the orderly progress of the vessel and the grain arriving in Beijing, but also guarantees the order of the canal transportation every year, and the significance of order to the dynasty is reflected in the affairs of water transportation. In the Qing Dynasty, no matter the river or the river, there were "narrow places" in the Qing Dynasty. The direct result was the high cost of the water transportation, and the centralization politics had the powerful efficiency of resource allocation, but the social consumption caused by it was also enormous. The Caotuan with the "Tuyi" meant to solve the livelihood of the canal transport personnel, but objectively triggered the commercial and trade activities along the way of the water transport personnel, and pushed the water transport activities into the commercial chain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the canal line. It has become an important channel of material communication between north and south. In the course of social change, the state affairs must have a deep negotiation and interaction with the society.
【作者单位】: 华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】:国家社科基金项目“清代漕粮征派与地方社会秩序”(06BZS014) 华中师范大学历史文化学院与日本早稻田大学合办“京杭大运河与明清时代的社会经济结构”国际学术研讨会
【分类号】:K249;F552.9

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