宋代荫补制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 08:04

本文选题：宋代　切入点：荫补　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2000年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 荫补制度是宋代政治制度研究的重要环节之一，也是以往研究的薄弱环节之一。本文围绕宋代荫补制度而展开，主要对宋代官员及后妃荫补制度进行了较为全面、系统的探讨。宋代荫补制度形式多样，，主要包括大礼、圣节、致仕、遗表等内容，各类荫补均有其相对固定的制度，本文的重点在于考察上述各项制度的变迁过程，同时对这些制度的优劣得失予以适当的评价。本文的研究基本上以时间先后为顺序，分别探究了宋真宗以前的荫补制度、宋仁宗时期荫补制度的变迁、宋神宗以后至北宋末期的荫补制度、南宋时期的荫补制度、致仕荫补制度、遗表荫补制度，同时对后妃荫补制度进行了研究。总体说来，荫补制度是中国自古以来世卿世禄制度的残余形态，也是官员等阶层特权的象征。可以说，特权是专制制度固有的顽症，也是专制体制自身无法克服的最大弊端之一。宋代特权阶级享有的荫补权在中国历史上任何王朝都无法匹敌的，尽管宋代科举制度已经非常发达，通过科举录取的官员人数亦相当多，但是，官员子弟通过荫补入仕为官的数量远远超过了科举官员，因而导致了宋代积重难返的冗官局面。毫无疑向，冗官给宋代社会带来的负面影响是无法估量的，然而，为了维护君主专制体制，保障特权阶层的既得利益，不管官再多，荫补制度还是要照旧执行下去，尽管宋代不少官员对荫补制度提出了强烈的批评和改革意见，但最终未能解决宋代的冗官危机。
[Abstract]:The shadow mending system is one of the important links in the study of the political system in the Song Dynasty, and also one of the weak links of the previous research.
The Song Dynasty Yin Bu system carried out, mainly for officials in the Song Dynasty and the empress Yin Bu system comprehensively, systematically explored.
The Song Dynasty Yin Bu system in various forms, including gift, festival, retirement, left the table etc., all have their relative hereditary
A fixed system, the focus of this article is to investigate the changes of the above systems, and the advantages and disadvantages of these systems.
The research in this paper is based on the sequence of time successively and explores the shade system before Song Zhenzong.
Degree, the change of the shady and mending system in the Song Renzong period, the shade supplement system from Song Shenzong to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the shade supplement system in the Southern Song Dynasty
Then, Yin Bu system left the table, Yin Bu system, at the same time the empress Yin Bu system were studied.
Generally speaking, the system of shade supplement is the residual form of the system of the Qing Dynasty from ancient China, as well as the privileges of the officials and other classes.
The symbol. It can be said that the privilege is stubborn autocratic system inherent, and authoritarian system itself can not overcome the biggest disadvantage of
First, the privileged class enjoyed by the privileged class in the Song Dynasty was unmatched by any dynasty in Chinese history, although the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty
The number of officials accepted by the imperial examination has also been quite a great number, but the children of the officials have been used to serve as officials.
Is far more than the number of imperial officials, resulting in the Song Dynasty diehard redundant official situation. There is no doubt to the Song Dynasty, the redundancy of officials to
The negative impact of the society is inestimable. However, in order to maintain the monarchy system, it is necessary to guarantee the privileged class.
Interests, regardless of the number of officials, the Yin Bu system should still be carried out, although many officials in the Song Dynasty put forward the shade subsidy system.
There was a strong criticism and reform, but it failed to solve the crisis in the Song Dynasty.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K244

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