北魏兵制的嬗变及影响

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:44

本文选题：北魏兵制　切入点：嬗变　出处：《南昌大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文分了四个时间段：鲜卑拓跋部立国前后的部族兵制、北魏前期兵制变化、北魏中期兵制变化、北魏后期兵制变化及影响，对北魏兵制的嬗变及影响做了一个粗浅的研究。最初鲜卑拓跋部作为一个处于氏族部落的游牧民族，其部落组织兼有生产和作战两方面的职能，是典型的游牧民族的部族兵制。在拓跋部入主中原的过程中，，使拓跋部进入了中原先进的封建经济文化的包围之中，势必难免地要转到封建化的进程上来。从北魏前期的部族兵制与兵户制、军镇制度与兵户制的比较研究中，很好地反映该时期部族兵制与封建兵制并行的特点。由于北魏政权紧承十六国时期，又是少数民族进入中原后建立的政权，决定了北魏时期实行兵户制的历史必然性。孝文帝元宏促进封建化的改革和迁都南下，是北魏部族兵制向封建兵户制嬗变的重大转折。鲜卑拓跋部迁洛武人地位的低落和留戍北镇的拓跋族镇户身份的卑贱化，标志着拓跋部族兵制向封建兵户制嬗变的完成。到了北魏后期兵制发生了三方面倾向性的变化：一是以招募方式组成新型的世袭性职业兵以取代旧的世袭性兵户；二是征发汉人为番代戍兵以局部取代旧的世袭性兵户；三是地主豪强拥有家兵、私兵、部曲等私兵制的兴起。这三种倾向性变化，对东西魏和北齐、北周时期及隋朝的兵制发展产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:This article divides into four time periods: the clan soldier system before and after Xianbei Tuoba ministry foundation, the Northern Wei early period military system change, the Northern Wei middle period military system change, the Northern Wei Dynasty later period military system change and the influence, has made a superficial research to the Northern Wei Dynasty soldier system evolution and the influence. At first, as a nomadic nationality in the clan tribe, the Tuoba Department of Xianbei had both the functions of production and combat, and was a typical tribal military system of nomadic people. In the process of Tuoba's taking over the Central Plains, So that the Tuoba Department entered the siege of the advanced feudal economy and culture in the Central Plains, and inevitably had to transfer to the process of feudalization. From the comparative study of the tribal and the military household systems in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, the military town system and the military household system, It is a good reflection of the parallel characteristics of the tribal and feudal military systems in this period. As the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty closely inherited the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, it was also the regime established by the ethnic minorities after entering the Central Plains. The historical inevitability of the implementation of the military household system in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowen Yuanhong promoted the reform of feudalism and moved the capital to the south. It was a great change from the military system of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the family system of the feudal soldiers. The low status of Xianbei Tuoba moved to the Luo Wu nationality and the inferiority of the Tuoba nationality household in the north town. It marks the completion of the transmutation from the Tuoba clan military system to the feudal military family system. By the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the military system has changed in three aspects: first, a new type of hereditary professional soldiers was formed by recruiting to replace the old hereditary soldiers; The second is the recruitment of Han people to replace the old hereditary soldiers by local means; the third is the rise of the private soldiers system, such as the family soldiers, the private soldiers, the ministry songs, etc. These three kinds of tendentiousness changes to the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty. The development of the military system in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty had a profound influence.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K239.21

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