元朝统治下的山西地区

发布时间：2018-03-11 12:10

本文选题：元朝　切入点：蒙古统治　出处：《南开大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山西地区位于黄土高原之东,中原大地以北之区,古称河东,又曰山右。它东以太行山作为屏障与河北相隔;西凭黄河作为襟带与陕西为堑;南依黄河与王屋、太行等诸山之险作为河南门户;北有勾注雁门和阴山山脉作为外蔽与内蒙古临界。前人历来将其称为进可以攻,退可以守的“表里河山,形胜之区”,又称“河东者九州之冠”,“中原之有河东,如人之有肩背”,甚至有“不得河东不雄”之语。从1211 年以后的二十年间,在蒙古军不断南下攻金的过程中,特别是在中都燕京失守以后,山西地区成为金朝屏蔽中原、保卫汴京的重要门户。在征服与占领山西地区之后,蒙古军不断南下,分兵向西、向南渡过黄河,实行南北夹击,消灭金军主力,彻底灭亡金朝。随之,蒙古汗廷在河东山西建立起多重军事、政治势力相结合的统治格局,不断加强对山西地区的经营治理,促使河东山西成为蒙古统治者征服右翼方向上的战略跳板与重要基地,有力地强化与确立了蒙古统治者在全国的统治地位。在忽必烈定都燕京,君临天下以后,河东山西的战略地位逐步提高,成为元朝赖以藩辅统治核心的腹里重地。不仅如此,河东山西的资源丰富、经济发达、文化教育较为进步,以特有的自然资源与人文资源对有元一代的军事、政治、经济、文化等各个领域发挥出重要作用。元朝末年,河东山西则又成为元统治者在中原汉地的最后堡垒。就所展开研究论述的主要内容来说,本文拟将归纳为有元一代征服与镇戍山西地区的武装力量,山西地区的汉人世侯,诸王勋臣在山西地区的分封及其特权,山西地区的最高军政统治机构,农牧渔猎诸业、手工诸业、站赤交通的进步扩大,佛、道二教与文学的兴盛发展,社会生活的交流融合等十大方面。有元一代,河东山西作为腹里地区的组成部分,始终是元统治者征服与统治的重要地盘。其间,元统治者先后采用蒙古军、探马赤军、汉军与侍卫亲军等诸种军队进行征戍,形成不同时期的内部镇戍与外出征伐的军事体系,不仅确保元统治者在河东山西的牢固控制,而且促使这一地区成为元统治者在中原汉地的军事基地与最后堡垒。汉人世侯是蒙古汗廷将地方大小军政权力,分别授给降蒙地方武装首领,且又赋予守土传世,专制一方的政治特权,以便间接统治中原汉地的特殊产物。这些汉人世侯具有弱小性、效死性、依附性与外戍性等明显特征。由于河东山西从军事上成为元统治者在右翼方向上进行征服的战略跳板与军需补给的重要基地,所以,河东山西的汉人世侯很早便在刘黑马的统辖之下外出征战陕西、河南等地,在灭金中发挥出重要作用。灭金以后,河东山西的汉人世侯在元统治者采取陕西、四川右路西向的征进格局下,不断随从蒙古军,征伐南宋,转战陕西、四川等地,并在陕西、四川及湖北等地的军事征服中继续发挥出重要作用。在征服与统治河东山西的过程中,蒙古汗廷按照建国的传统惯例,在有血缘关系的诸王贵戚之中裂土分民,共享权益,分别划定诸王贵戚、驸马勋臣的各自范围,极力确保其政治特权与经济权益。其间,“监国公主”、独木干公主、术赤、察合台及其后王等诸王贵戚、驸马勋臣均在河东山西获得过监临、分封与留驻等各种大小政治特权。元朝建立以后,元廷采取定期满足蒙古诸王及其部属生活所需的供给措施,将部分诸王率部留驻河东山西辅翼大都,边藩重寄,同时还以大量赏赐作为笼络羁縻的主要手段,不时
[Abstract]:Shanxi area is located in the Loess Plateau to the East, the Central Plains to the north of the region, called the East, another mountain right. It east to Taihang Mountain as a barrier between Hebei and the West; with the Yellow River and Shaanxi as Lapel with cutting; south the Yellow River and Taihang Mountains Wangwu, such as Henan insurance portal; North hook injection Yanmen and Yinshan Mountains as shelter and Inner Mongolia. It has always been critical of previous called into can attack, retreat can keep the table and win ", also known as the" crown of the East "Kyushu," Central Plains of Hedong, as a man with shoulder ", even" shall not Hedong the male of the language.
Since 1211 twenty years, in the process of Mongolia's military continues to attack the south of gold, especially in Yanjing after the fall of Shanxi area, the Central Plains became an important gateway to defend the shield, Bianjing. After the conquest and occupation of Shanxi in the Mongolia area, from north to south, south through the Yellow River, the forces of the west, the north and south flank, destroy the gold main force, the complete demise of Jin Dynasty. Subsequently, Mongolia Khan court built up multiple military political forces in the East Shanxi, the combination of rule pattern, continue to strengthen the management of the Shanxi area, the Shanxi Hedong as the ruler of Mongolia to conquer the strategic direction of the right-wing springboard and important base, effectively strengthen and establish the rulers of Mongolia in the dominant position. In the Kublai capital Yanjing, Harbourside, strategic position of Shanxi region increased gradually, become the Lai Yifan rule in the core of the abdominal auxiliary Heavy. Not only that, the east of Shanxi is rich in resources, economy, culture and education are in progress, natural resources and human resources unique to the Yuan Dynasty's military, political, economic, cultural and other fields play an important role. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi east becomes the ruler in the Han Yuan at the end of the fort.
The main content of the research paper, this paper will be summarized as Yuan Dynasty conquest and garrison in Shanxi armed forces, the Shanxi area Han Marquis, the Wang Xunchen packet and privileges in the Shanxi area, the highest military rule organization of Shanxi area, agriculture and animal husbandry in the fishing industry, the handicraft industry. The red traffic stops progress to expand, the Buddha, two road of prosperity and development of teaching and literature, social exchange and fusion of ten aspects.
Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi as part of Hedong region, is an important site of conquest and domination of the Yuan Dynasty. In the meantime, the rulers adopted Mongolia army, Red Army spies, army and the bodyguard of the army expedition, formed in different periods within the garrison and go out against the military system. Not only to ensure the Yuan rulers in East Shanxi and firmly control, make this area become the rulers in the Central Plains Han military base and the last bastion.
Han marquis is Mongolia Khan Ting will place the size of military power, are given to drop by local armed forces, and also gives the land handed down, one party autocratic political privileges to indirect rule Han special products. These Han marquis is weak, authority, and attachment features of Shu etc. because of East Shanxi from the military to become an important base, Yuan rulers strategic springboard and military supplies to conquer in the right direction on the east so Shanxi Han Marquis soon under the command of Liu Heima out in Shaanxi, Henan and other places, play an important role in killing gold. Gold after death Hedong, Shanxi Han Marquis \ by the rulers of Shaanxi, Sichuan Road West to the right sign into the situation, constantly after Mongolia's military conquest, the Southern Song Dynasty, he moved to Shaanxi, Sichuan and other places, and in Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei and other places of military conquest It continues to play an important role.
In the process of conquest and rule of East Shanxi, Mongolia according to the tradition of the aul, in a blood relationship among the kings such cracked soil divided people, shared interests, were designated the kings of Guiqi, their range consort Xun Chen, to ensure its political and economic rights and privileges. In the meantime, the supervision in the princess "a dry princess, Juchi, king of kings and the emperor Guiqi, Xun Chen in Shanxi Hedong received temporary prison, Herod and them some privileges. After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty of the kings of Mongolia and take regular meeting is required for life supply measures will be part of the the king was in Shanxi East Wing mostly, while fan repeatedly, also with a lot of reward as the main means to win over the Jimi, from time to time

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K247

【引证文献】