先秦时期县制的起源与转变

发布时间：2018-03-13 00:06

本文选题：县制　切入点：郡县制　出处：《吉林大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 县制是我国古代一种政治制度,产生于春秋以前,巨变于春秋,定型于战国中晚期。深入研究县制,可以更好的理解周秦间社会转型。本文围绕起源与转变两个问题系统的考察了先秦时期的县制,指出县制具有两种不同的形态,即早期县制和晚期县制。早期县制起源于西周,是都鄙制的一种具体形式,即传世文献中所说的公邑。春秋时期由于新旧政治格局转换,导致早期县制向晚期县制转变。这种转变并非各地普遍发生,而是由一地起源,逐步扩散,具体过程是发于晋,成于秦,随着秦的统一扩张到全国。并从区划化、官僚化、乡里组织三个方面具体考察了县制转变的过程,提出春秋时期只有晋县具有区划化和官僚化的特点。指出乡里组织最初是国人的组织,由于赋役的加重,导致国野区别逐渐模糊,最终由商鞅废除井田法,实行阡陌法,消除国野界线,并设立与土地规划相适应的秦式乡里组织,完成乡里组织的转变。在分国考察秦、楚两国的县制的基础上,指出楚县在春秋战国时期始终是在都鄙制下运行,没有完成向晚期县制的转变。在县制研究的基础上,指出郡有两个阶段,早期县大郡小,晚期县小郡大。战国时期至少有两种郡的形态,即秦式的郡和楚式的郡。
[Abstract]:County system is a kind of political system in ancient China. It came into being before the Spring and Autumn period, changed greatly in the Spring and Autumn period, and shaped in the middle and late warring States period. This paper systematically investigates the county system in the pre-Qin period around the origin and transformation, and points out that the county system has two different forms, namely, the early county system and the late county system. The early county system originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a concrete form of the duopoly system, that is, the Gongyi, as mentioned in the ancient literature. During the Spring and Autumn period, the transformation of the early county system to the late county system resulted from the transformation of the new and old political patterns. This transformation did not take place everywhere, but originated from one place. The concrete process of gradual diffusion was developed in Jin and became Qin Dynasty. With the unification of Qin Dynasty, it expanded to the whole country. It also examined the process of county system transformation from three aspects of regionalization, bureaucratism and rural organization. It was pointed out that only Jinxian had the characteristics of regionalization and bureaucratization in the Spring and Autumn period. It was pointed out that the rural organizations were originally the organizations of the Chinese people. As a result of the aggravation of taxes, the distinction between the state and the wild was gradually blurred. Finally, Shangyang abolished the coal mine law and carried out the cross-section method. Eliminating the boundary between the State and the wild, setting up Qin style rural organizations suitable for land planning, and completing the transformation of the township organizations. On the basis of examining the county systems of the Qin and Chu countries separately, it was pointed out that Chu County was always operating under the dudeship system during the Spring and Autumn and warring States periods. On the basis of the study of county system, it is pointed out that county has two stages: the early county is small, the late county is small. There are at least two types of county during the warring States period, that is, the county of Qin type and the county of Chu type.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】