唐代牧监使职形成考

发布时间：2018-03-13 05:24

本文选题：牧监　切入点：使职　出处：《中国史研究》2015年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为后世盛赞的唐代牧监使职制度并非以往认为的静态形式,而是存在一个逐步发展和完善的过程。这套制度在分布格局、划分标准等许多关键原则上均可追溯到隋代的陇右牧。作为陇右群牧使前身的陇右诸牧监使,仪凤三年始设时既不总领全国马政,也不是唯一的牧监使。出土文书表明当时全国有陇西、秦州、原州、盐州、岚州五个牧监体系,同时置使的尚有原、盐两州牧监。陇右诸牧监使的权力直到武周中后期才有明显扩大,将秦、原两州牧监纳入统辖范围。伴随着这一历史过程,陇右西、南、北、东四使划分产生,景龙年间李隆基任太子时又将东使改为东宫使。盐州牧监自隋代以来一直不属于陇右牧体系,它在开元十三年位列"五使"可能是由于人事原因。至于史书提到的夏州群牧使、陇右三使,则均为临时设置的使职,前者一度管辖盐、夏诸州牧监,后者是对陇右西、南、北三使的统称。此外,陇右诸牧监使及群牧使驻地也并非如史书所记载的始终在原州,而是经历了"陇西—秦州—原州"三次迁徙。
[Abstract]:The pastoral system of the Tang Dynasty, praised for later generations, is not a static form as previously thought, but a process of gradual development and perfection. Many key principles, such as the criteria for division, can be traced back to the Longyou pastorage in the Sui Dynasty. As the forerunner of the Longyou group of pastoralists, Yi-feng was not the chief minister of the whole country when she was established three years ago. Nor is it the only pastoral warden. The unearthed documents show that there were five pastoral supervision systems in the whole country at that time: Longxi, Qinzhou, Yuanzhou, Yanzhou, and Lan prefectures. At the same time, there were still the original ones. It was not until the middle and late period of the Wuzhou that the powers of the pastoral supervisors of the two states of salt and the former two states were obviously expanded. Along with this historical process, the division between the western, southern, northern, and eastern regions of Longyou came into being. During the reign of Prince Li Longji, during the reign of King long, Li Longji changed the eastern envoy to an official in the East Palace. Since the Sui Dynasty, the Yanzhou pastoral supervisor has not belonged to the Longyou pastoral system. Its ranking in the 13th year of Kaiyuan as "five emissaries" may have been due to personnel reasons. As for the Xiazhunqun pastoral emissary mentioned in the history books, Longyou three emissaries are all temporary ambassadors. The former once administered salt, the Xia Zhou pastoral superintendency, and the latter was the general name of the three ambassadors in the west, south, and north of Longyou. In addition, Longyou pastoral supervisor and group pasturage station were not always in the original state as recorded in the history books, but experienced three migrations of "Longxi-Qinzhou-original state".
【作者单位】：清华大学历史系;
【分类号】：K242

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