唐宋商人社会地位变化研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 20:11

本文选题：唐宋商人　切入点：途径　出处：《河北大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：商人作为四民之一,起着联结生产和消费的作用,尽管历代对他们的褒贬不一,但其在社会生活中所起的作用是无法抹煞的。然而,中国古代的商人地位低下,位列“市籍”,并在很多方面受到限制,与他们所拥有的经济实力并不相称。历史发展到唐宋时代,商品经济的发展,使得商人的地位有所提高。这主要体现在唐宋商人户籍、衣行以及入仕权等方面的变化上,商人逐渐不再位列贱籍,成为士农工商四民之一,与庶人的地位已经趋于平等,商人子弟还可通过科举考试进入仕途,这些相较于前代,不能不说是一种进步。唐宋商人社会地位的变化中,他们如何改变自身的政治地位是一个重要问题。在我国漫长的封建社会里,农业经济始终占据主导地位,但商品经济的发展,必然会引起不同社会阶层人们社会地位的变化。拥有强大经济实力的商人们为谋求政治地位的改变,积极地向仕途迈进。他们所用的方法大致有结交官员、与官宦通婚以及捐纳三种。唐宋的海外贸易发达,政府对外贸也很重视,采取了积极的招商措施来吸引外商,并对外商施行了极为优厚的政策,这和唐宋政府政治、经济方面的考虑是息息相关的。秦汉以来,历代统治者均实行“重农抑商”的政策,在唐宋两代,商人的社会地位有了很大的提高,这与商品经济的发展以及当时人们的观念变化是分不开的。
[Abstract]:As one of the four people, merchants play a role in linking production and consumption. Although they have been praised and derogated from different dynasties, their role in social life is indelible. However, the status of merchants in ancient China was low. Ranked as a city register, and limited in many ways, it is not commensurate with their economic strength. In the Tang and Song dynasties, with the development of commodity economy, the status of merchants was improved. To become one of the four people of industry and commerce, the status of the common people has tended to be equal, and the children of businessmen can also pass the imperial examination to enter the official career, which, compared with the previous generation, can not be said to be a kind of progress. In the change of the social status of merchants in Tang and Song dynasties, how to change their political status is an important issue. In the long feudal society of our country, the agricultural economy always occupied the leading position, but the development of commodity economy, It will inevitably lead to changes in the social status of people from different social strata. Businessmen with strong economic power are actively pursuing a change in their political status. The methods they use are generally to associate with officials. Intermarry with officials and donate three kinds. The overseas trade of Tang and Song dynasties was developed, the government also attached great importance to foreign trade, adopted positive measures to attract foreign investors, and carried out extremely generous policies to foreign businessmen, which was closely related to the political and economic considerations of the Tang and Song governments. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the rulers of all dynasties have carried out the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce". In the Tang and Song dynasties, the social status of merchants has been greatly improved, which is inseparable from the development of commodity economy and the change of people's ideas at that time.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K242;K244

【共引文献】