清朝治理新疆的民族经济政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 18:21

本文选题：清朝　切入点：新疆　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在占有比较丰富的历史资料的基础上,充分借鉴、吸收学术界的相关研究成果,运用跨学科研究法,结合历史学、经济学、民族学、政策学、政治学和社会学的理论、方法和成果对清代治理新疆的民族经济政策进行综合研究,系统论述了有清一代在不同时期,不同的政治和社会背景下治理新疆所采取的民族经济政策。在写作过程中,本文努力做到正反兼顾,努力全面、客观、准确地把握清代治理新疆民族经济政策的整体脉络,真实地反映其发展演变历程,概括出其阶段性变化特征,并对其作出客观、公正的评价,进而对当前新疆制定与落实党和国家民族经济政策提出合理化建议与适用对策。本文以时间维度为线索,包括导论共有五部分内容。其中导论部分主要介绍本文的研究目的和意义、相关研究文献的综述、相关概念的界定以及研究的主要内容与方法。第一章论述了清朝统一新疆前,在准噶尔蒙古统治下,清朝与新疆的经济往来和联系,主要表现在与回疆的朝贡关系、互市贸易以及在哈密和吐鲁番的屯田等方面,中央政府把重点放在天山北路厄鲁特蒙古聚居区,所实行的是以怀柔、羁縻为主的民族政策,清廷的这一经营政策为之后收复新疆奠定了坚实的基础。第二章论述了清朝统一新疆后,在设立军府制的政治背景下,所实施了一系列以屯田为主的民族经济政策,包括“农为本务”的重农政策、振兴畜牧业的政策、发展矿业政策、鼓励内地商民前往经商政策、“外藩”民族贸易政策、“支援新疆”的财政政策等,并分析指出这一时期所实行的民族经济政策主要是为了军事目的服务的基本特征,对清中期治理新疆的民族经济政策做了客观公正的评价。第三章论述了清晚期在左宗棠收复新疆建立行省制的政治背景下,在新疆实施的民族经济政策,主要包括招民屯垦、移民实边政策,裁兵分屯、计户授田政策,倡导兴修水利、种桑养蚕政策,变革土地、赋税制度政策,统一币制、兴办文教政策,促进手工业、工矿业发展的政策,招集商贾、振兴商业的政策等。分析新疆在比军府制较为进步的行省制条件下,所实行的民族经济政策就其进步性而言,可以说适应了当时社会的发展需要,促进了新疆经济的发展。但由于民族经济政策的不彻底性,不可能达到真正意义上的社会经济全面改革,所以消极、失败一面也不容忽视。第四章内容是在对清朝治理新疆民族经济政策的总结概括基础上,以史为鉴可以知兴替,提出当前制定新疆民族经济政策的“五大”原则,以及促进新疆民族经济发展应着重处理好“四个”关系,进而指出当前制定新疆民族经济政策应该关注的重点问题,即做好行业政策、产业政策与民族政策的衔接；提高当地少数民族企业在民族经济建设方面的参与度；培育新疆少数民族自我发展的机能；统筹城乡协调发展。
[Abstract]:On the basis of possessing abundant historical data, this paper draws on and absorbs the relevant research achievements of academic circles, applies interdisciplinary research methods, and combines the theories of history, economics, ethnology, policy science, political science and sociology. Methods and achievements of the comprehensive study on the national economic policies of the Qing Dynasty governing Xinjiang, and a systematic discussion on the national economic policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty in different periods and different political and social backgrounds. This paper tries hard to take both positive and negative aspects into account, comprehensively, objectively and accurately to grasp the overall context of the economic policies governing Xinjiang ethnic groups in Qing Dynasty, to truly reflect its development and evolution, to generalize the characteristics of its periodic changes, and to make an objective analysis of them. Then the rational suggestions and applicable countermeasures are put forward for the formulation and implementation of the national economic policies of the Party and the state in Xinjiang. This article takes the time dimension as the clue, including the introduction has five parts content, the introduction part mainly introduces the research purpose and the significance of this article, the related research literature summary, The first chapter discusses the economic relations and relations between Qing Dynasty and Xinjiang under the rule of Junggar Mongolia before the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, which was mainly manifested in the tributary relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Xinjiang. In the areas of exchange trade and the opening up of farmland in Hami and Turpan, the central government has focused on the Erlut Mongolian settlement area on the north side of Tianshan Mountain, and has implemented a national policy of Huairou and Jimi. The management policy of the Qing government laid a solid foundation for the recovery of Xinjiang after the Qing Dynasty. The second chapter discussed that after the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, under the political background of establishing the military government system, it implemented a series of national economic policies, which were mainly to open the fields. Including the "agriculture-oriented" policy of emphasizing agriculture, the policy of revitalizing animal husbandry, the policy of developing mining industry, the policy of encouraging mainland businessmen to go to business, the "foreign vassal" ethnic trade policy, and the fiscal policy of "supporting Xinjiang", and so on. And it is pointed out that the national economic policies implemented during this period are mainly the basic characteristics of serving military purposes. This paper makes an objective and fair evaluation of the national economic policy of governing Xinjiang in the middle period of Qing Dynasty. Chapter three discusses the national economic policies implemented in Xinjiang under the political background of recovering Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang and establishing a provincial system in the late Qing Dynasty, mainly including recruiting the people to open up land for cultivation. The policy of emigration to the real border, the policy of laying off troops and distributing troops, the policy of granting farmland by household, advocating the establishment of water conservancy, the policy of breeding mulberry and silkworm, the policy of reforming the land, the policy of taxation system, the policy of unifying the currency system, the establishment of cultural and educational policies, the policy of promoting the development of handicraft industry and industrial and mining industries, and the policy of attracting merchants, The policy of revitalizing commerce and so on. Under the condition of province system, which is more progressive than the military government system, the national economic policy implemented in Xinjiang, in terms of its progressive nature, can be said to have adapted to the needs of the development of the society at that time. It has promoted the economic development of Xinjiang. However, because the national economic policy is not thorough, it is impossible to achieve a comprehensive social and economic reform in the true sense, so it is negative. The failure side should not be ignored. Chapter 4th, on the basis of summing up the policies of governing the ethnic economy of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, put forward the "five major" principles for the current formulation of the national economic policies of Xinjiang on the basis of learning from history. And to promote the development of Xinjiang's ethnic economy, we should deal with the "four" relations, and then point out the key issues that should be paid attention to in the current formulation of Xinjiang's national economic policy, that is, to do a good job of industrial policy, industrial policy and ethnic policy convergence; We will increase the participation of local minority enterprises in the economic construction of ethnic groups, foster the function of self-development of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, and coordinate the development of urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249;F129

【引证文献】