儒学传播与汉魏六朝文化变迁

发布时间：2018-03-16 19:00

本文选题：儒学　切入点：汉代　出处：《复旦大学》2007年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 自西汉武帝时实行“独尊儒术”的文化政策，儒学即与政治结合，通过官学和私学传授的教育体系，，诏书和法律的公布、流传，政府遣员循行地方，政府对儒学价值的标榜等渠道，加速在社会中的传播。西汉中期以后的汉代诸帝大多受过较好的儒学教育，他们推动了政府对儒学的提倡，也促进了社会上层阶级的儒学化。这一时期，儒学以两个向度即从社会上层到社会底层、从若干个中心向更广区域传播，引起东汉社会儒学的同质化，在儒学广布的地区，其价值逐渐成为共同的社会价值观。从此，中国传统社会的社会价值观基本定型。自汉末以至隋代，中国长期处于战乱和分裂之中，社会政治局势的变化，改变了中国的思想格局。不过，儒学独尊的地位虽然受到冲击，但仍为政府所提倡，每朝代兴，无不整顿儒政，巩固并提高儒学的地位。三国两晋时期，中原地区屡遭兵燹，当地居民纷纷外迁，从而为儒学向四周的传播提供了契机，尤其是在南方地区。由于中原王朝政权和北方士民的南迁，在东晋南朝时期，南方地区的文化持续发展，儒士人数不断增长，逐渐形成了太湖流域和宁绍平原的建康吴会地区、鄱阳湖流域及周边的寻阳豫章地区和洞庭湖流域及周边的江陵江夏长沙地区三个儒家文化发达区域，出现了建康、会稽、吴郡、寻阳、南郡、江夏、长沙等一些儒家文化中心。这三个儒家文化发达区域的形成，与那个时期的移民规模和路线、南北分治格局下东晋南朝荆州扬州之间特殊的政治形势以及南方社会经济的发展密切相关。东晋南朝儒学在这三个儒家文化发达区域的基础上，沿着陆路和水路(海路)继续向南、向西扩散，促进了岭南地区的南海交趾儒家文化区的成长，也推动了今福建地区的建宁晋安地区儒家文化的发展。在儒学化官员亦即所谓“循吏”和广大儒士的努力下，由于儒学的政治文化功能，在儒家文化区域扩展的同时，风教所及，儒家的文化、精神价值也传布民间。儒学的南传，引起了当地的文化变迁，南方土著势力在政治、经济、文化上崛起，并走上历史舞台；而广大南方土著居民也在文化上认同了汉族，归属到汉文化圈内，汉民族的“文化边疆”大大南移，汉民族也更加扩大。隋代统一中国的再造，也正是儒家文化在广阔地域上传播后的内在诉求。
[Abstract]:Since Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty carried out the cultural policy of "respecting Confucianism alone", Confucianism combined with politics, through the promulgation of official and private education systems, imperial edict and laws, circulated, the government sent officers along the place. The government promoted the spread of Confucian values in the society. Most of the emperors of the Han Dynasty after the middle of the Western Han Dynasty received better Confucian education, and they promoted the government's advocacy of Confucianism. In this period, Confucianism spread from the upper class to the bottom of the society in two dimensions, spreading from several centers to a wider region, causing the homogenization of Confucianism in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was widely spread in the areas where Confucianism was widespread. From then on, the social values of the traditional Chinese society were basically shaped. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, China was in the midst of war and division for a long time, and the social and political situation changed. It changed the ideological pattern of China. However, although the exclusive status of Confucianism was affected, it was still advocated by the government. Every dynasty, it rectified the Confucian government, consolidated and improved the status of Confucianism. During the three Kingdoms and Jin dynasties, the Central Plains suffered frequent wars. Local residents emigrated one after another, thus providing an opportunity for Confucianism to spread around it, especially in the southern region. As a result of the southward migration of the Central Plains regime and the people of the North, the culture of the South continued to develop during the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties. The growing number of Confucian scholars gradually formed three developed areas of Confucian culture, such as Taihu Basin and Ningshao Plain, Jiankang Wu Hui area, Poyang Lake Basin and surrounding Yang-seeking Yuzhang area, Dongting Lake Basin and the surrounding Jiangling Jiangxia Changsha area. Some Confucian cultural centers, such as Jiankang, Huiji, Wu County, seek Yang, South County, Jiangxia and Changsha, emerged. The formation of these three developed areas of Confucian culture coincided with the scale and route of immigration in that period. The special political situation and the development of social economy in Yangzhou of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties are closely related under the pattern of North-South partition. Confucianism in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties is based on the three developed regions of Confucian culture. Along land and sea routes (sea routes) continued to spread southward and westward, promoting the growth of the Jiao toe Confucian cultural area in the South China Sea in the South China Sea. It also promoted the development of Confucian culture in Jianning and Jinan areas in Fujian today. With the efforts of Confucian officials, that is, the so-called "follow officials" and the vast number of Confucian scholars, due to the political and cultural functions of Confucianism, the area of Confucian culture is expanding at the same time. The culture and spiritual value of Confucianism were also spread among the people. The southward spread of Confucianism caused the local cultural changes and the rise of the southern indigenous forces in politics, economy and culture, and went on to the historical stage. However, the majority of the indigenous people of the South also recognized the Han nationality culturally, belonging to the Han cultural circle. The "cultural frontier" of the Han nationality was greatly moved southward, and the Han nationality also expanded. The Sui Dynasty reunified China. It is also the inner appeal of Confucian culture after spreading in a wide area.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K235

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