“十二字头”与清代满文语学

发布时间：2018-03-18 12:32

  本文选题：清代　切入点：“十二字头”　出处：《清史研究》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在清代的满文教学中,满文"十二字头"是当时认字读本与满文初级教育的基础。本文从教育史与版本学的角度考察"十二字头"的历史演变及其作用,认为"十二字头"的结构是满洲人的独特产物,有别于已有的蒙文字母表。入关之后,代表满文教学传统的"十二字头"与汉人的启蒙书一并成为双语教育的重要教材。最初的《十二字头》版本比较简单,可看作利于口授的助忆术性字母表。而清中叶以后,《十二字头》成为分析字形而有助于自学满文的综合性认字读本。同时,学者也开始借用汉文的传统概念来理解满文"十二字头"。在此过程中,满文字母被理解为与汉字相似的以固定笔画构成的音节字母。于是,以汉字为基础的语言教学传统包容了满文"十二字头"。
[Abstract]:In the Manchu teaching in the Qing Dynasty, the "12 head" of Manchu was the basis of the reading book and the primary education of Manchu at that time. This paper examines the historical evolution and function of "12" from the perspective of educational history and versioning. It is believed that the structure of "12 head" is a unique product of Manchu people, which is different from the existing Mongolian alphabet. The "12 prefix", which represents the tradition of Manchu teaching, has become an important teaching material for bilingual education along with the enlightenment books of the Han people. The original version of < 12 prefix > was relatively simple. It can be seen as a memory-aid alphabet for dictation. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, < 12 head > became a comprehensive reading book for analyzing the glyph and helping to teach oneself the Manchu characters. At the same time, Scholars also began to use the traditional concept of Chinese to understand the Manchu word "12". In the process, the Manchu alphabet was understood as a syllable of fixed strokes similar to Chinese characters. The Chinese character-based language teaching tradition contains the Manchu 12 prefix.
【作者单位】： 美国普林斯顿大学东亚系;
【分类号】：K249
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本文编号：1629593