汉代伦理与制度关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:29

本文选题：汉代　切入点：伦理　出处：《山东大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伦理即社会长幼尊卑的各种人伦关系，而制度则是一定条件下形成的各种规范化体系。在中国古代家国一体的封建社会，伦理与制度整合是必然的社会现象。汉代作为中国两千年封建社会的奠基时期，既是伦理制度化的关键时期，也是封建伦理的定型时期。伦理制度化是汉代构建社会伦理新秩序的对策性措施与有效途径，它适应了封建大一统和规范伦理道德生活的客观要求。从汉初伦理纳入律法始，又经“独尊儒术”，汉代伦理与制度互相影响，逐渐建立起一种稳定的整合互动关系。其对后世封建社会产生了极其深远的影响。本文分上下篇，上篇论述“伦理对制度的影响”，下篇论述“伦理制度化对伦理之反作用”。上篇从伦理与汉代法制、伦理与汉代官制、伦理与汉代教化三个方面进行论述。汉初已开始了伦理与法制整合的步伐，张家山汉简律严惩不孝行为，将孝伦理纳入律法。汉代通过规定家系继承关系、维护父家长权力、宽宥为父母复仇行为、规定亲亲得相首匿、实行家属连坐等，将宗法血缘规则纳入律法中。而“引经决狱”“原心定罪”则直接以儒家伦理道德标准定罪量刑，更鲜明地体现了伦理对法制的影响。汉代以孝为核心的宗法伦理与法制整合，伦理影响法制表现出过程的渐进化、法律条文规定与具体司法实践并非完全一致、汉律在具体司法实践中也据实际情况不断进行调整等特点。汉代通过孝廉察举制度，将孝伦理纳入官吏选拔制度，这既是汉代官制的鲜明特点，也是汉代伦理渗透向官制的成功经验。汉代将忠、孝伦理纳入官吏考核制度，建立起规范的励忠机制和“不忠入律”的惩罚机制。树立“忠”模式，严惩不忠之臣，强调尊尊之道。并将孝伦理纳入官吏休假制度，，对官员居丧期间实施休假照顾。这必致汉代官制出现伦理化倾向。汉代官制伦理化呈现出过程的渐进化，方式的多元化，以及维护君臣上下等级关系、执行力度大、目的鲜明化等特点。汉代伦理与制度的整合互动是以“教化”为基础的，而教化也在一定程度上调节了伦理与制度在建立社会伦理新秩序过程中可能出现的偏颇。汉代政府通过尊老、旌表、兴学、德治等行政、教育的方式将伦理原则内涵于制度体系之中，对社会成员进行非强制性的社会教化，既促进了伦理的制度化和制度的伦理化，又对汉代伦理与制度的整合关系起到了调节作用。下篇从汉代伦理制度化与伦理的强化、汉代伦理制度化与伦理的政治依附化、汉代伦理制度化与伦理的异化三个方面进行论述。在伦理与制度的整合互动关系中，伦理作为一种理论形式被纳入制度，政治制度的干预既是对伦理的选择和认同，也是对伦理的进一步规范和调整。孝、贞家庭伦理和忠政治伦理被制度
[Abstract]:Ethics is all kinds of relations of human relations, and the system is a kind of standardized system formed under certain conditions. In the feudal society of ancient China, the family and the country were integrated together. The integration of ethics and system is an inevitable social phenomenon. As the foundation period of Chinese feudal society in 2000, Han Dynasty is the key period of ethics institutionalization. The institutionalization of ethics is the effective way to construct a new order of social ethics in the Han Dynasty. It meets the objective requirements of feudal unification and the standardization of ethical and moral life. From the beginning of the Han Dynasty, ethics was brought into the law. By "respecting Confucianism alone", the ethics and system of the Han Dynasty influenced each other and gradually established a stable and integrated interaction, which had a profound influence on the feudal society of later generations. This paper is divided into two parts: the first part discusses the influence of ethics on system, the second part discusses the reaction of ethics institutionalization to ethics. The first part deals with ethics and the legal system of the Han Dynasty, ethics and the official system of the Han Dynasty, ethics and the enlightenment of the Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the pace of the integration of ethics and legal system began, and Zhang Jiashan's Han bamboo slips severely punished the unfilial behavior. Including filial piety ethics in the law. In the Han Dynasty, by stipulating the inheritance relationship of the family, safeguarding the power of the father and the parents, condoning the act of revenge for the parents, stipulating that the relatives should first hide each other, and practicing family members even sitting down, etc. The rules of patriarchal lineage are brought into the law, and the conviction of the original heart is directly based on the standard of Confucian ethics and morality, which clearly reflects the influence of ethics on the legal system. In the Han Dynasty, filial piety is the core of the integration of patriarchal ethics and legal system. The ethics influence legal system shows the gradual evolution of the process, the legal provisions and the specific judicial practice are not completely consistent, the Han law in the specific judicial practice is constantly adjusted according to the actual situation, and so on. The Han Dynasty brought filial piety ethics into the official selection system through the system of filial piety, which is not only the distinctive characteristic of the official system in the Han Dynasty, but also the successful experience of the ethics permeating into the official system in the Han Dynasty. Establishing a standard mechanism of encouragement and loyalty and a mechanism of punishment of "infidelity into the law". Setting up a model of "loyalty", severely punishing unfaithful officials, emphasizing respect for the way of respect, and bringing filial piety ethics into the system of official leave. During the period of official mourning, the official system will be taken care of. This will lead to the ethical tendency of the official system of the Han Dynasty. The official system of the Han Dynasty presents the gradual evolution of the process, the diversification of the ways, and the maintenance of the relationship between the upper and lower levels of the monarch and the subject. The aim is distinct and so on. The integration and interaction between ethics and institution in the Han Dynasty is based on "enlightenment", which to some extent regulates the biases that may appear in the process of establishing a new order of social ethics by ethics and institution. In administration, education and so on, the ethical principles are implied in the system of institutions, and the non-mandatory social education of social members promotes the institutionalization of ethics and the ethicalization of institutions. And the Han Dynasty ethics and the integration of the relationship played a regulatory role. The next part discusses three aspects: the institutionalization and strengthening of ethics in the Han Dynasty, the institutionalization of ethics and the political attachment of ethics in the Han Dynasty, and the institutionalization and alienation of ethics in the Han Dynasty. Ethics is brought into the system as a theoretical form. The intervention of political system is not only the choice and identification of ethics, but also the further regulation and adjustment of ethics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K234

【引证文献】