关于汉代社会救济的若干问题

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:36

本文选题：汉代　切入点：社会救济　出处：《厦门大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 社会救济属于社会保障的范畴,是指国家和社会以多种形式对因自然灾害、意外事故和残疾等原因而无力维持基本生活的贫困者提供必要的生活资助、福利设施的社会行为。汉代是中国继秦朝之后的大一统封建王朝。汉代的社会救济制度随着时代的发展而发展。汉代的社会救济为汉代以后各朝社会救济提供了模本。本文采用历史学与社会学相结合的研究方法,重点探讨两汉灾害救济、弱势群体救济、两汉民间慈善救济和两汉社会救济的特点比较等问题。全文共分七章: 第一章、对汉代自然灾害次数统计进行辨误。关于汉代自然灾害的次数,已有不少学者进行统计,但这些统计数字有误,都不能真实反映两汉灾害发生的真实情况。故有必要重新梳理史料,对这一数据进行校正。第二章、探讨两汉救灾的职官、财政及相关的奖惩制度等问题。第三章、两汉灾害救济的措施及其评价。这一问题学界已取得很大的研究成果,但仍有进一步探讨的余地。如作为灾害预防的措施之一——仓储制度,就包括常平制度。常平制度无论在平准物价方面还是在灾荒救治方面都发挥了一定的作用,但学界对此问题缺乏进一步的研究。另外,治理河患是救灾措施之一,但学术界很少有涉及此问题。本章对这两个问题作了详细的分析。第四章、对社会弱势群体的救济。本章从残疾者救济、优恤妇女、儿童、养老制度、一般贫困救济等方面来研究这一问题。第五章、对贫困官吏和寒士的救济。由于某些原因,他们往往陷入贫寒的境地,因此也是政府救济的对象。第六章、两汉民间的慈善行为。两汉时还不存在政府组织的慈善事业。但是,民间自发的慈善行为,在两汉已经普遍存在了。本章从两汉个人慈善行为、宗族救济、民间互助组织、邻里互助四个方面来阐述这一问题。第七章、对以往学界所忽略的两汉社会救济的不同特点进行比较。希望此研究能对今后相关问题的研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:Social relief belongs to the scope of social security. It means that the state and society provide the necessary living support to the poor who are unable to maintain their basic living due to natural disasters, accidents and disabilities in various forms. Social behavior of welfare facilities. The Han Dynasty was the feudal dynasty of China after the Qin Dynasty. The social relief system of the Han Dynasty developed with the development of the times. The social relief of the Han Dynasty provided the social relief for each dynasty after the Han Dynasty. This paper adopts the research method of combining history and sociology. This paper mainly discusses the characteristics of disaster relief, vulnerable group relief, folk charity relief and social relief in Han Dynasty and so on. The full text is divided into seven chapters:. In the first chapter, the statistics of the number of natural disasters in the Han Dynasty are identified. Many scholars have made statistics on the number of natural disasters in the Han Dynasty, but these statistics are incorrect. Therefore, it is necessary to rearrange the historical data and correct the data. The second chapter, discusses the Han Dynasty disaster relief official, the finance and the related reward and punishment system and so on question. The third chapter, the measures and evaluation of disaster relief in Han Dynasty. The academic circles have made great achievements, but there is still room for further study. For example, as one of the measures of disaster prevention, warehousing system, Including the Changping system. The Changping system has played a certain role both in leveling prices and in relief from famine. However, the academic community lacks further research on this issue. In addition, river disaster management is one of the disaster relief measures. However, the academic circles rarely deal with this problem. This chapter makes a detailed analysis of these two issues. Chapter 4th, the relief to the vulnerable groups in society. This chapter studies this problem from the aspects of disability relief, preferential care for women, children, pension system, general poverty relief and so on. Chapter 5th, the relief to poor officials and scholars. For some reasons, they often fall into a poor situation, so they are also the object of government relief. Chapter 6th, the folk philanthropy of the Han Dynasty. There was no charity organized by the government during the Han Dynasty. However, the voluntary charitable behavior of the folk has been widespread in the Han Dynasty. This chapter begins with the individual charitable acts of the Han Dynasty and the clan relief. Folk mutual aid organizations, neighborhood mutual aid four aspects to elaborate on this issue. In chapter 7th, the author compares the different characteristics of social relief in Han Dynasty which has been neglected by scholars in the past.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K234

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