宋代皇帝及后妃谥号制度研究.pdf 全文免费在线阅读

  本文关键词：宋代皇帝及后妃谥号制度研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

网友Alphago近日为您收集整理了关于宋代皇帝及后妃谥号制度研究的文档，，希望对您的工作和学习有所帮助。以下是文档介绍：Study onthe emperorand empressposthumous titlesystem of Song DynastyA Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Henan Universityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree ofMasterofHistoryByZhang Yong huiSupervisor: Prof.Cheng MinshengProf.Jia Yuying Date:May,2015I摘要谥法作为中国古代政治文化的组成部分,是历代王朝统治的重要工具。谥法产生于西周,创立之初,纯粹是为尊祖敬宗、神化先人,春秋战国之际,谥号被赋予褒贬功能。先秦时期,皇帝谥号与其生前行为大致相符,汉代以后由于儒家为君父讳恶思想的渗入,皇帝的谥号大多为美谥。西周至唐前期皇帝谥号字数较少,唐后期逐渐增多。后妃谥号产生于先秦,大多冠于帝谥。唐以前后妃谥号一两字兼用,唐玄宗时期开启后妃四字谥号先例,后妃的谥号也大都为美谥。宋代皇帝及后妃得谥有一定的程序和礼仪规范。得谥程序大体上是大臣议谥,命令官员撰写谥册宝,请谥号,奉谥册宝于灵座等四个步骤,表明皇帝及后妃得谥程序在宋代逐渐成熟。皇帝及后妃得谥的礼仪比较规范,但也非常繁琐,这是维护皇家尊严必不可少的环节。宋代继承唐代为先帝增谥之风,除宋钦宗、宋度宗谥号没有增加外,其他得谥皇帝的谥号都有增加现象,有时还出现更改。宋真宗时期揭开了为先帝增谥的序幕,被宋代历朝所沿用,宋徽宗时期多次为先帝增改谥号,反映了宋真宗、宋徽宗崇尚虚名,不求实际的作风态度。后妃由于不干涉政事,谥号只是出现更改现象,目的是为了从于帝谥。宋代严格规定皇帝及后妃谥号册宝的材质、尺寸大小和内容,但得谥对象的不同,内容也会有差异。宋代皇帝及后妃谥号用字有一定规律可循。字数上,皇帝的初谥为六字,一般由嗣帝为其奉上,举行祭祀活动时,为其增加谥号,至十六字为止。但宋神宗谥号增至二十字,是宋代谥法史上的异典。后妃的谥号字数一般为两字,但垂帘听政的太后谥号为四字。用字上,皇帝谥号中一般都含有文、武、德、功、孝五字,反映出大臣对皇帝的期许,同时也映射出统治者所倡导价值取向和道德标准。后妃的谥号与其个人的品行、天资、性格、爱好、才能等有关,反映出中国古代对妇女的最高道德要求。宋代皇帝及后妃谥号的发展变化与时代背景密切相关。皇帝及后妃谥号制度成为统治者区别尊卑、维护等级的工具,惩恶劝善、维护礼教的手段,尊崇祖宗、表达孝敬的方式,神化皇帝、维护皇权的武器,因此皇帝及后妃谥号制度是宋政府进行政治统治的需要,是统治阶级的必然产物。宋代皇帝及后妃谥号制度在继承前代的基础上有所发展,并被同时代的少数民族及后代所继承,因此在中国古代史上起承上启下的作用。II关键词:宋代;谥号;皇帝;皇后;妃嫔IIIABSTRACTRegulation for posthumous titleaspart of the Chinese ancientpolitical culture,is an important tool of dynasticrule.Regulation for posthumous titleoriginated inthe Western Zhou Dynasty,which was purely forancestor worship,deifiedancestors in the beginning of the establishment. Inthe occasion of the spring and autumn,posthumous titlewas given thederogatoryfunction.The pre-Qin Dynasty,the emperor's posthumous namewas given according to theirbehavior,but after the Han Dynastytheemperor's posthumous names were beautified since the Confucian thought that people should speak highly of their ancestors.From Western Zhou Dynasty to theearly Tang Dynasty,Emperor's posthumous namewere a few words,but in the late Tang Dynastythey gradually increased.EmpressYu Xianqin producedmost ofthe posthumous title,crownin emperor shi. Before the Tang Dynasty,Empressposthumous title wasone, two words.Emperor Xuan in Tangopened empress’s four wordsposthumousperiod precedent,which were also beautified.The Song Dynasty emperorand empresstoShihasstandardized proceduresandcertain etiquette.The posthumous title ofprograminfour steps was substantiallyministerdiscussion, ordered officials towriteposthumousbooktreasure,askedposthumous title,BaoLingseat.It isundeniable that theprogramin the Song Dynastygradually matured.The emperorand empresstothe posthumous title ofetiquettewere more normative,but also verytedious to maintain theroyal dignityessential link.The Song Dynastyinheritedthe Tang Dynastyfor the firstemperorto increasethe posthumous titleof the wind. In addition to Song Qinzong,Song Emperor Duzong period’sposthumo

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  本文关键词：宋代皇帝及后妃谥号制度研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。