雍正用人政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 03:01

本文选题：雍正　切入点：用人　出处：《广西师范大学》2000年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “人治”是中国封建社会的主要特征。怎样得贤，如何用人，是历代封建政治统治的核心内容。一定时朋，统治者所推行的用人政策，是由当时的客观政治环境和统治者的个人因素所决定的。雍正统治的时期，正处我国历史上对近现代社会发展影响比较大的十八世纪，研究他的治国思想、用人政策，对我们今大的反腐倡廉、政治体制改革，具有重要的借鉴意义。笔者将在前人研究的基础上，力图以辨证唯物主义利历史唯物主义为指导，从政治史、社会史等多学科交叉的视角，对雍正的用人政策展开讨论，力求系统地总结雍正人的利弊得失，揭示出封建社会用人的一般规律，，并尝试建构用人研究理论的新视角和实用模式。雍止统治的十三年，虽然时间不长，但笔者认为，这一时期是中国封建社会显露出若干生气的年代。康熙末年吏治废弛，皇子争储，朋党干扰朝政，社会面临严重危机。雍正力挽狂澜，振刷颓风，有人治吏赋予以新的内容，虽然这些政策带有雍正帝位继承合法性危机的存在和个人性格的烙印。雍正反对朋党、权臣、外戚干扰朝政，把历史上宦官、朋党、权臣、外戚等的危害，消灭于萌芽。对官场存在的贪污、贿赂现象，雍止从严厉迫缴亏空入手，严猛惩治，在打击贪官的同时，善于提拔德才兼备的官员，并在官僚队伍中树立榜样，让全国的官员学习效法。在封建社会，选官用人讲究出身、门第的限制，雍正敢于打破传统，因才、因时、因地用人：他强调官员要敢于任事，无欺无隐，反对做“名实兼收”的“巧宦”，强调为政务实。对于雍正用人中的严猛，有人认为是严苛、残忍，是诛杀功臣。本文认为这些观点是值得商榷的。对于康熙后期因宽纵而导致的官场腐败，雍正针对时弊，施以猛济，是当时的形势需要，抵毁雍正严猛用人治吏的历史传言，是其政敌及守旧官僚对雍正的攻击。本文认为，制度监督是研究用人政策的十分重要的方面。雍正用人正视“治人”，也重视“治法”。他改革台省制度，着意扩大督抚对地方行政用人之权。为了监督抚等地方官员，雍正充分运用密折制度的独特作用。此外，他还从加强考绩制度，建立引见官员、秘密访察等制度对官员的行政表现实施监督。关于雍正用人中的监督机制建设，本文认为应该辨证地看待。为了巩固皇权，整饬吏治，雍正改革传统的监督机制，实行台省合一，倚重地方督抚对地方官的监督，虽然督抚对地方官吏的监督有所加强，但同时又造成了督抚权力的膨胀。雍正依靠密折这个特殊工具，较为成功地弥补了这个缺失。用人监督制度的加强是雍正一朝吏治相对整肃的一个重要原因。由此它昭示我们，监督制度的建立在用人中的重要意义。关于雍正用人政策的得失及原因，本文从雍正用人政策的实施、成效，从康、雍、乾三皇帝用人政策对比的视角研究认为，雍止采取的严猛用人政策是当时政治形势的客观需要，它对于推动当时中国封建社会继续向前发展起了重要作用，是应该肯定的。同时本文还认为，雍正用人中，存在“人治”重于“法治”的观念，选官标准上，存在重才能轻操守的倾向。这些因素一定程度上削弱了政策本身的实际效果，对后世也产生了某种消极的影响。
[Abstract]:"Rule by man" is the main feature of Chinese feudal society. How to get a good reputation and how to use human beings is the core content of feudal politics in the past dynasties. When a certain time, the policy adopted by the rulers was decided by the objective political environment and personal factors of the rulers at that time.
During the reign of Yong Zheng, is the history of our country development of the modern society relatively large impact on eighteenth Century, his governing thought, with people of this policy, our anti-corruption, reform of the political system, has important significance. The author on the basis of previous studies, trying to dialectical materialism the historical materialism, from the perspective of political history, social history and other disciplines, on Yong Zheng's policy discussion, and strive to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of Yong Zheng, reveals the general law of the feudal society with people, and try to construct the research with a new theoretical viewpoint and practical mode.
Check the thirteen year of the reign of Yong, although the time is not long, but I believe that this period is the China feudal society revealed several times. At the end of the angry Kangxi abandoned, the prince for storage, partisan interference court, society faces a serious crisis. Yong Zheng and bestir rule was given to corrupt officials, the new content, though these policies with Yong Zheng throne inheritance crisis of legitimacy of the existence and the personality of the brand. Yong Zheng opposed the clique, minister, "the history of government interference, the eunuch clique, right, Chen," the harm, nipped in the bud. The existence of official corruption, bribery, Yong stop from severe forced payment of deficit Yan Meng, punish, in the fight against corrupt officials at the same time, good promotion have both ability and political integrity officials, and set a good example in bureaucracy, let the officials imitate. In the feudal society, the official selection for people to pay attention to background, family restrictions, Yong Zheng Dare to break the tradition, because only, because, due to the people: he stressed that officials should have the courage to work, honest, oppose "is and" smart "official", stressed that for the government.
For the people in the Yan Meng Yong Zheng, some people think that is harsh, cruel, is killing the hero. This paper argues that these views are worth discussing. For the late Kangxi due to the aspect of official corruption, Yong Zheng in an economy with fierce, is the need of the situation at that time, ruin Yong Zheng Yan Meng by man officials history is the rumor, opponents of bureaucratic and conservative attacks on Yong Zheng.
This paper argues that the supervision system is studied by using the policy is very important. Yong Zheng used to confront the "governance", "the law". He also attaches great importance to the reform of Taiwan province system, to expand the right to use the governors and local administrative supervision. In order to ask other local officials, Yong Zheng makes full use of the unique role of the secret discount system. In addition, he also from strengthening the performance appraisal system, establish on officials, secret visit system to supervise the implementation of the administrative behavior of the government officials.
On the construction of supervision mechanism in Yong Zheng, we should dialectically. In order to consolidate the imperial power, straighten officialdom, Yong Zheng to reform the traditional supervision mechanism, the implementation of the province, relying on local governors supervision of local officials, although the supervision of local officials of the governors have strengthened, but at the same time resulted in the expansion of power governors Yong Zheng. On close off this special tool, successfully make up for this lack. Strengthen the supervision system is an important reason for Yong Zheng administration. The relative purge once it is clear to us, the supervision system is built in with important people.
The pros and cons and reasons of Yong Zheng's policy, the implementation of the policy, people from the Yong Zheng effect from the Kang, Yong and Qian three emperor of policy comparative perspective that only take Yan Meng Yong with policy is the objective need of the political situation at that time, it was for the promotion of China feudal society continue to move forward the development has played an important role, should be affirmed. At the same time, this paper also argues that Yong Zheng's presence in the "rule of man" to "rule of law" concept, the official selection standard, has the tendency of heavy to light conduct. These factors to some extent weaken the actual effect of the policy itself, also produced some effects negative on the future.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K249.2

【引证文献】