明清时期沿黄河城市的防洪与排洪建设——以开封城为例

发布时间：2018-03-28 22:00

本文选题：明清时期　切入点：沿黄城市　出处：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：完善的防洪与排洪设施是古代沿黄河城市生存与发展的重要保障。明清时期,由于频繁遭遇黄河水患的冲击,沿黄城市所处的环境发生了重大变迁。黄河自身的决徙造就了洪涝的多发与防洪设施的圮坏,大量泥沙的沉淀既淤没了诸类水体,也抬高了城墙之外的地势,致使城市防洪乏所依、排洪少所恃,如何进行卓有成效的洪涝应对就成为重要的城市问题。面对黄河频决的灾害性影响及严峻的洪涝形势,开封城官民一道筑堤防、修护堤、缮城墙,御水于城体之外;开凿城内之沟渠、疏浚城外之河道、挖暗沟、建水门、置水闸、造水车,泄水于成灾之初。这种多重性与立体化的建设在一定程度上增强了开封城的防洪与排洪能力,也应是屹立于当时的其他沿黄城市的共同建筑特色及其存续至今的保障因素之一。
[Abstract]:Perfect flood control and flood drainage facilities are the important guarantee for the survival and development of ancient cities along the Yellow River. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the frequent impact of the Yellow River floods, Great changes have taken place in the environment of the cities along the Yellow River. The decision of the Yellow River itself has resulted in frequent flooding and the destruction of flood control facilities. The sedimentation of a large amount of sediment has not only wiped out all kinds of water bodies, but also raised the topography outside the walls. As a result, the city has little to rely on for flood control, and how to effectively deal with the flood and waterlogging becomes an important urban problem. In the face of the disastrous impact of the frequent decision of the Yellow River and the severe situation of flood and waterlogging, the officials and people of Kaifeng City build embankments and repair the berm together. "and the walls of the city are kept out of the water, and the ditches in the city are cut out, the rivers dredged outside the city, the deep trenches are dug, the gates are built, the locks are put in place, and the water wagons are made." This multi-layer and three-dimensional construction enhances the flood control and flood discharge capacity of Kaifeng City to a certain extent, and should also be one of the common building characteristics of other cities along the Yellow River at that time and one of the guarantee factors for its survival.
【作者单位】：河南科技大学人文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“古代黄河中下游地区生态环境变迁与城镇兴衰研究”(项目编号:10CZS039) 河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“明清时期中原地区生态环境研究”(项目编号:2013-QN-289)
【分类号】：TV87-09;TV882.1-09;K248

【共引文献】