唐代谏官与文学

发布时间：2018-03-29 07:57

本文选题：唐代文学　切入点：谏官　出处：《陕西师范大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 唐朝是中国古代君权有限制度实行得最有效的时代，同时也是中国古代文学发展的巅峰时期。这一时期文学与政治找到了一个十分便当的融合点，即政治的文人化和谏官制度的规范化。唐代有成就的文学家大都曾任谏官，即使未任谏官，亦都具有谏官心态，其政治生活和艺术创作都深深地打下了谏官的烙印，因此，系统分析唐代谏官与文学的关系，对认识唐代政治和文学是十分有益的。本文先从中国政治思想中有关君权有限的理论人手，从宏观上把握中国文学的谏政话语体系以及政治母题，确立了全文的基本思路。然后简要地介绍了唐代谏官设置的特点以及谏官任职资格中的文学因素，分析唐代政治对文学的具体要求以及文人在唐代政治体系中的地位，以散骑常侍、给事中、谏议大夫、起居郎、补阙、拾遗等谏宫中的文学家为主要对象，比较高级谏官和低级谏宫中的文学家们的人生经历以及政治作用，揭示唐代谏官的政治命运与唐王朝的政治命运的内在关联。这是政治制度层面上的讨论。此外，本文还从儒家和道家(教)文化与政治的关系入手，分析了唐代谏官的政治正义感的形成及其人格特征，从文化心理的角度，探讨唐代文学家的政治角色的多样性，以突出儒道文化对中国政治的深刻影响。最后以文学本体为对象，系统分析唐代文人的谏臣意识与文学意识，揭示唐代主要诗人的谏臣意识对唐代文学发展的影响，给文学创作与政治活动的关系提供一个相对客观的参照。本文的主要结论有：1．儒家君权有限理论的是谏诤的理论基础；士大夫是实践君权有限的行为主体。“道”是文学与政治对话的“意义情结”，它成了文学创作的最高准则，“志”是实现文学与政治对话的基本话语体系，是融人了文、政、道诸种因素的艺术形态。受谏诤意识的影响，中国古代文学形成了人格修养、感物言志、谏政实践这三大政治母题。2．唐代谏官制度是中国古代政治制度中比较完善的部分。唐代谏官设置中有三大特色：官职分工与谏净合作、进谏制度化与随意性相结合、帝王和宰相有所回避，这三大特色使得谏官行使谏职具有较大独立性。3．谏诤是一项综合了诸种文化因素的政治实践，儒家对唐代文人谏臣意识的形成及其谏诤活动产生了很大影响。唐代开国时期有作为的谏官大都受到了王通务实求变的政治哲学的影响；唐代经学家中不少人就是谏官，特别是中唐时期兴起的啖赵《春秋》学，对中唐政治及文学家都有直接的作用；儒家建立在谏议基础之上的君 ”fh 门 S 臣之学在贞观时代得到了成功实践，贞观政要》真实地记载了这段历史，因此《贞观政要》是一部政治教课书。4．道教（家）的政治道德中有极强的谏净意识，唐代许多以谏净著称的文学家和政治家都与道教密切的联系。5．唐代文学家谏官的谏净活动和谏臣意识对唐代文学的发展起了重要的作用。唐代贞观时期的文学设计、陈子昂时期的文学自我确认、元白韩李柳时代的文学革新思潮，都是文学家的谏净意识催生的。6．唐代谏官任职资格中文学因素占有相当大的比重，因此唐代政治意义上的文学既不同于汉代以博学为主的文学，也不同于南北朝时期以华艳为主的文学，它要求文才、吏能、德性三者的中和，这种特色构成唐代政治文人化的重要标志之一。7．唐代文学家大都出任过谏官，虽然时间有长有短，官职有高有低，但都是唐代政治中的积极分子，，任谏官成为其人生实践和文学创作难得的材料。8．唐代从开国到灭亡，政治风气以及对人才需求标准时有变化，谏净风气经历了波浪式的发展，但只有在晚唐才有谏官因谏而被杀的事件，谏官的消失与唐王朝的灭亡基本同步。9．唐代文学家谏官的政治命运随着唐代政治风气和谏净风气的变化而变化，从而使得唐代文学也呈现出波浪式的发展特色。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty is China system of the limited monarchical power was conducted most effectively, but also the development of ancient Chinese literature Chinese peak. During this period, politics and literature found a very easy fusion point, namely politics of the literati and the standardization of the admonisher system in Tang Dynasty. Successful writers mostly served as advisors, even admonisher also has not any official mentality, the political life and artistic creation deeply laid the brand, therefore, the system analysis of the relationship between the official and the literature in Tang Dynasty, is very useful for understanding of politics and literature in Tang Dynasty.
This thesis starts from the Chinese political thoughts about theory of the limited monarchical power of hands, grasp the China literature remonstrative politics discourse system and political motif from the macro, established the basic ideas of this paper. Then briefly introduces the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty and set the official official literary factors qualifications, status analysis, specific requirements of the Tang Dynasty political literature the scholars in the Tang Dynasty and the political system in the next, to the matter, counsellor doctor, living Lang, compartmentallized.the, etc. to palace literary supplements as the main object, the writers have higher admonisher and lower Jian palace life experience and political role, inner Association revealed the political fate of Tang and Tang Dynasty admonisher the fate of the political dynasty. It is discussed the level of political system. In addition, this paper also from Confucianism and Taoism (teach) of the relationship between culture and politics, analyzes the Tang Dynasty government official The formation and treatment of personality characteristics of sense of justice, from the perspective of cultural psychology, to explore the diversity of the political role of writers in the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism and Taoism culture in order to highlight the profound influence on the political China. Finally to literary ontology as the object, the system analysis of the Tang dynasty literati Jianchen consciousness and literature consciousness, revealing the leading poets in the Tang Dynasty Jian Chen consciousness the influence of the Tang Dynasty literature development, to the relationship between literary creation and political activities to provide a relatively objective reference.
The main conclusions of this paper are: 1. the limited monarchical power theory is the theoretical basis of remonstration; literati is the practice of the limited monarchical power behavior. "Tao" is a literary and political dialogue "complex", it became the highest standards of literary creation, "ambition" is the basic literary discourse system and political dialogue that is integrated into the text, political factors, road art form. Influenced by the awareness of remonstration, Chinese ancient literature of the personality, sense of ambition, remonstration practice of three major political motif.2. in the Tang Dynasty admonisher system is an integrated part of the political system in ancient Chinese. There are three characteristics of the Tang Dynasty admonisher settings: Office of division of labor and to net cooperation, voice system and random combination of the emperor and the prime minister have avoided, these three characteristics make the post exercise remonstrance have considerable independence.3. advice is a comprehensive various The practice of political and cultural factors have great influence on the formation of the Tang Dynasty's Confucian literati remonstrance consciousness and dissuasion activities. In Tang Dynasty period as the court admonisher mostly by Wang Tong and pragmatic political philosophy; many people in Tang Dynasty by experts is advisors, especially in the period of the rise of the taste of spring and autumn, Zhao < > and have a direct role in the political and literary criticism; based on the basis of the Confucian gentleman
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door
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The officials of the school has been successful practice in the early times, the history of the real record Zhenguan politicians so < >, Fiona
The concept of political > is a political textbook.4. Taoism (home) has a strong sense of political morality to the net, the Tang Dynasty
Many famous writers in Jian net and politicians are close contact with Taoism.5. the writer of the Tang Dynasty
Plays an important role in the development of Jian net activity and counselor awareness of literature in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty Zhenguan period of literature.
As a result, the Literary Self - confirmation of the Chen Ziang period and the literary innovation trend in the era of Li and Han Li and li Liu are both literary writers.
The birth of the net remonstrance awareness of the.6. qualification Chinese remonstration officials factors occupy a large proportion, so the Tang Dynasty
Literature in political sense is not only different from the literature of the Han Dynasty, but also from the northern and Southern Dynasties.
The main literature, it requires talent, and the three officials, virtue, the characteristics of the Tang dynasty literati of the political
One of the important signs of.7. literature in Tang Dynasty mostly served as advisors, although the time length, there are high
Low, but they are active in Tang Dynasty politics, as admonisher become the life practice and literature creation of rare materials
.8. Tang Dynasty from the founding to its end, the political atmosphere and the demand for talent standards have changed, the remonstrance of net culture
After wave type development, but only the official was killed for suggestion and events are only in the late Tang Dynasty, and the Tang disappeared
At the demise of basic synchronization.9. writer of the Tang Dynasty official political destiny with the political atmosphere and the Tang Dynasty Jian net wind
The change of Qi makes the literature of the Tang Dynasty also present the characteristic of the wave type.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I206.2;K242

【引证文献】