中国早期国家时期的邦国与方国

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:39

本文选题：早期国家 + 邦国　；参考：《历史研究》2013年01期

【摘要】：中国早期国家时期相当于新石器时代晚期后段,距今约5500—4000年间。中国古代国家经历 "邦国—方国—王国—帝国"四阶段,而不是 "古国—方国—帝国"或 "邦国—王国—帝国"三个阶段。邦国是以古城为中心的小国寡民式的地方性国家,是中国早期国家第一阶段——初始的早期国家阶段,大体相当于前3500年至前2500年间;地处长江中游的澧阳平原经历约2000多年的社会复杂化历程,距今约5500年步入邦国阶段。方国是邦国的联盟体,即由一个较大的核心邦国联合周边的邦国或武力征服使一些邦国处于从属或半从属地位的地区性国家,是早期国家的进一步发展,时间大致为前2500—前2000年;长江中游地区屈家岭文化晚期已开始向方国迈进,到石家河文化早期,孕育了三苗方国。"多元一体"的 "多元"应为邦国文明的多元, "一体"则为王国文明的一体。
[Abstract]:China's early national period corresponds to the late Neolithic period, about 5500-4000 years ago.The ancient Chinese country went through four stages of "state-country-kingdom-empire", not "ancient state-country-empire" or "state-kingdom-empire".The state is a small country with the center of the ancient city as a local state, which is the first stage of China's early state, the initial stage of the early state, roughly equivalent to the first 3500 years to the first 2500 years.The Liyang Plain, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, has experienced more than 2000 years of social complications, and stepped into the stage of the state of China about 5,500 years ago.The fact that the State of Fang is a coalition of States, that is, the confederacy of a larger core state, or the conquest by force of some of the regional states in a subordinate or semi-subordinate position, is a further development of the early countries.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the late Qujialing culture has begun to march toward the Fangguo, and by the early stage of Shijiahe culture, three Miao Fangguo were conceived. "Pluralism should be the pluralism of the civilization of the state, and the unity of the civilization of the kingdom.
【作者单位】：湖南省博物馆;
【分类号】：K22

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