明清时代的海神信仰与经济社会

发布时间：2018-04-17 21:42

本文选题：明清时代 + 海神信仰　；参考：《厦门大学》2001年博士论文

【摘要】： 本文以海神信仰为研究对象切入中国海洋人文社会科学与海洋社会经济史的研究视域。文化是自然的“人化”，所谓海洋文化，实际上就是海洋性文化；所谓海神信仰，从根本上说就是海洋性信仰。本文以此为逻辑起点，构筑一个我国的海洋神灵结构体系，它是山海洋水体本位神与水族神，海上航行的保护神与海洋渔业、商业的行业神，镇海神与引航神三个系统的神灵构成的。海神体系的确立成了本文赖以展开的基石。海洋蕴含丰饶的宝藏，但在古人眼中则充满了神怪、传奇与诱惑，诱惑着古代人们走向海洋。赋予海船以“神灵性”，是试图营造一个能够抗衡外部“精怪世界”的“小天地”。庞大的海上航行保护神、镇海神乃至渔业商业神神系的确立，是古代的海客舟子在心中构筑一个生命安全与获取海洋经济利益的保障系统。无论是海洋渔民、海洋商人还是海洋移民，当其出海起航前都要举行祭海，以祈求海上航行的平安与发财。一艘海船上的人群就构成一个“特殊的海上社会”，在海船中设置神龛以供奉神灵偶像，，其目的不仅仅是为了方便在海上向神灵祈祷与祭祀，更重要的是能够获得神灵及时的保佑。在陆域与海岛各类海洋社会(如渔村、商帮、移民群体)中的神灵祭祀活动都极大地增强了海洋社会内部的凝聚力，强化海上活动的群体精神。海洋社会的神灵信仰中和海船神龛供奉的神灵中的诸神合祀现象有着区域与海洋社会类型的差异，既反映了海神信仰不同区域的特点，也反映了各信仰群体的不同祈盼。我囚的海洋神灵体系是伴随古代人们走向海洋，追求海洋经济利益而出现并不断充实、壮大的，而它的充实、壮大又增强了古代人们去追求海洋经济利益的信心与勇气，间接促进了海洋经济的发展。这种神灵信仰出发点与归缩点在功利方面的一致性，从“虚幻世界” 折射出中国海洋传统文化乃至中国传统文化的实用理性之光。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the belief of sea god as the research object and cuts into the research field of Chinese marine humanities and social sciences and marine social and economic history.Culture is the "humanization" of nature, the so-called marine culture is actually the oceanic culture, and the so-called "sea god" belief is fundamentally the oceanic belief.Taking this as a logical starting point, this paper constructs a system of marine deities in China. It is the god of mountain and ocean water body, the god of water race, the god of protection of sea navigation, the god of marine fishery, and the god of commerce.Zhenhai god and pilot god of the three systems of the gods constitute.The establishment of the Poseidon system has become the cornerstone of this paper.The sea contains rich treasure, but in the eyes of the ancients, it is full of geniuses, legends and temptations, seducing ancient people to the sea.Endowing ships with divinity is an attempt to create a "small world" which can counteract the external "strange world".The establishment of the huge protective god of sea navigation, the god of Zhenhai and even the god of fishery commerce is a guarantee system for the safety of life and the obtaining of the economic benefits of the sea in the heart of the ancient sea boat.No matter the fishermen, merchants or immigrants of the sea, they should hold sacrifices to the sea before they set sail, in order to pray for the safety and prosperity of the sea.The people on a ship constitute a "special maritime society," in which shrines are set up to worship idols, not only to facilitate prayer and sacrifice to gods at sea.What is more important is to be able to receive timely blessing from the gods.In all kinds of marine society (such as fishing village, business group, immigrant group) in land and island, the worship activities of gods have greatly enhanced the cohesion of the marine society and strengthened the group spirit of marine activities.The deity belief in marine society and the worship of the gods in the shrines of the sea vessels have the following characteristicsThe differences between regions and marine societies not only reflect the characteristics of different regions of the Poseidon faith, but alsoIt reflects the different expectations of various faith groups.My prison's marine deity system was accompanied by ancient people.Towards the ocean, the pursuit of the economic benefits of the ocean and constantly enrich, grow, and it is full ofIn fact, it strengthened the confidence and courage of ancient people to pursue the economic benefits of the sea, indirectly.Promoted the development of marine economy.The starting point and retractive point of this spiritual belief in utilitarian aspectsConsistency reflects the traditional Chinese Ocean Culture and even the Chinese traditional Culture from the "illusory World"The light of practical reason.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：K248;K249

【引证文献】