士大夫处父子一伦——以明清之际为中心

发布时间：2018-04-20 07:49

本文选题：家庭 + 父子　；参考：《学术研究》2014年12期

【摘要】：古代中国被公认的模范家庭,有可能气象森严以至肃杀。关于父之于子,似乎缺乏明确的规范,士大夫的伦理实践,通常也在严、慈之间。古代中国的知识人,严于等差、伦序,却又不无变通,不乏欣赏融和之境的能力——是伦理的,又是审美的。所谓"一门师友",家门之内"自相师友",就有可能隐含了此种意境。这种家庭关系与严于父子、夫妇分际以至"肃若朝典"的那种,可能都不普遍。庸常的应当是虽不极端却仍然暗合了伦理规范、至少不远于规矩的那种情况。纵然有诸种现成且公认的规范,生活世界中的人子之于其父母,仍有伦理实践的个人性、丰富性。古代中国诸伦理规范并不止于相互补足,还互有辖制,这关涉到士大夫的伦理实践有无可伸展的空间,以及空间的大小。本来就有种种父,种种子,种种父与子,《礼》的规范性描述或多或少限制了对于古代社会伦理状况的想象。士大夫家传中记其祖父、父母的文字,得之于切近的观察或家族中人的口耳相传,庄严的文体中往往不乏生动的细节,可据以想象那一时期士大夫家庭生活的具体情境,由此进入士大夫的生活世界。
[Abstract]:Ancient China is recognized as a model family, the weather may be too strict to kill. As for father to son, there seems to be a lack of clear norms, and the ethical practice of literati and bureaucrats is usually between strictness and kindness. In ancient China, the intellectual person was strict with the difference and order, but not without flexibility, and there was no lack of the ability to appreciate the harmonious environment-ethical and aesthetic. So-called "a teacher friend", the door "self-teacher friend", it may be implied this artistic conception. This kind of family relationship and strict father-son, husband and wife division and even the "Suru Korea Code" kind, may not be common. What is commonplace should be that, though not extreme, ethical norms are still in place, at least not far from the rules. In spite of all kinds of ready-made and accepted norms, the son of Man in the world of life still has the individuality and richness of ethical practice to his parents. The ethical norms of ancient China not only complement each other, but also control each other, which is related to the extension of the ethical practice of literati and officials, as well as the size of the space. There are all kinds of fathers, seeds, fathers and sons, and the normative description of ritual more or less limits the imagination of the ethical situation of ancient society. The words of his grandfather and his parents were recorded in the family biography of the literati, which were closely observed or handed down by the people of the family. The solemn style often contained vivid details which could be used to imagine the specific circumstances of the family life of the literati in that period. Thus entered the world of life of literati officials.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院文学研究所;
【分类号】：B823.1;K248

【共引文献】