唐宋中书舍人研究
发布时间:2018-05-06 21:50
本文选题:唐宋 + 制度 ; 参考:《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文
【摘要】: 中书省渐重,成为行政决策核心,是唐宋时期行政中枢发展变化的主要特点。作为中书省长官以及行政中枢的秘书官,中书舍人由唐至宋的职掌变化并不显著,典掌制诰,参政议政。然而,其职权的范围与侧重却发生很大变化。唐代中书舍人作为宰相判官的身份较为突出,宋代中书舍人职权的独立性较强,其权力变化可以解读为由泛权到实权的变化过程。这种权力变化的背后,与君权、相权的变化,与唐宋时期行政体制的整体变化,都密不可分。 本文在尽量吸收学术界已有研究成果的基础上,分三章对唐宋中书舍人进行了较为系统化的分析研究。 第一章“唐宋中书舍人的职掌”。通过考察中书舍人一职在中国古代历史上的发展轨迹、唐宋时期中书舍人的职官构成、草诏之职的历史源流以及中书舍人的供职机构与宿直,从整体上勾勒出唐宋中书舍人的职掌范围与特征。通过对唐宋公文书类型、中书舍人所草制命的类型、唐宋主要文书制度及制书格式等问题的系统研究,对于中书舍人职掌外制的具体情况及其发展变化深入探讨。制命文字,主要由中书舍人各自独立起草完成。舍人行词的回避制度在绍兴初年得以确立。由唐至宋,中书舍人的职权呈上升趋势,而翰林学士呈下降趋势。中书舍人掌草外制、判省事、宣旨册命、掌察冤滞、考举及撰修制度律令与史籍,参与唐宋时期政治活动的很多方面,有着举足轻重的作用。 第二章“中书舍人与唐宋行政中枢运作”。本章对唐宋行政中枢体制进行梳理。唐初三省的发展,是以门下权力不断发展完善为特点的,而具体到三省内部,又是以中书舍人与给事中的权力不断扩大为具体表现。唐代中后期的以中书门下为主导,中书省、门下省仍然保留行政职能。唐代的中书门下,是北宋中书门下体制的基础。宋代行政中枢的演变轨迹,是决策、行政统一的中书门下体制经由改制,确定了中书取旨、门下审覆、尚书执行的三省制度,然而在实际发展过程中,仍然逆转不了行政中枢一体化的趋势。唐前期中书舍人的职权主要体现为起草制敕和参议表章两个方面。宋代中书舍人的职权主要体现为起草制敕和封还词头两个方面,官制改革之后,恢复了中书舍人参议表章的权力。唐宋中书舍人由起草进画之职,职权不断发展,参议表章、封还词头、封驳制敕,由撰务渐掌机务,至南宋,权力达到顶峰。中书舍人的身影遍布行政运作的各个环节,决策形成之中,也有中书舍人的参与。中书舍人的职权在唐宋时期总的看来是呈上升趋势。作为宰相属官,中书舍人与宰相的关系表现为既依赖又对立。 第三章“中书舍人的管理”。本章对中书舍人的员额、品级、章服、班位、俸入等制度规定加以梳理,并对其在唐宋间的变化加以考察。中书舍人的任免升降,都依据一定的规则制度。在中书舍人的选用上,本人素质与能力是考虑的最主要因素。中书舍人的人员流动频繁,但多以升迁为主,中书舍人之职是晋升宰辅的主要途径之一。 余论“中书舍人的科举出身与地域家族性。”中书舍人的选任,最根本的依据还是其本人的素质。对此,有无科考功名,就成为中书舍人选任的基本条件之一。唐宋中书舍人的构成,唐代以北方人为主,至宋以南方人为主。曾任舍人的为官之家,占中书舍人的很大比例,唐代高于宋代。这也说明,在科举制度下,入仕的公平性大大提高,中书舍人的来源也日趋广泛,对于政治稳定与文化教育的发展,都有一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:The central Book province gradually became the core of the administrative decision, which was the main characteristic of the development and change of the administrative center in the Tang and Song dynasties. As the governor of the Chinese Book province and the Secretarial Officer of the administrative center, the change of Tang Zhisong's duties was not remarkable, the palmar and the political affairs of the Chinese books were changed. However, the scope and emphasis of his power had changed greatly. As the Prime Minister of the prime minister, the identity of the prime minister is more prominent, and the independence of the scholars in the Song Dynasty is strong. The change of power can be interpreted as a process of change from Pan power to real power. Behind this change of power, the change of the power of the monarchy and the right of phase with the administrative system in the Tang and Song dynasties are all inseparable.
On the basis of absorbing academic achievements, this paper makes a systematic analysis and analysis of the scholars in Tang and Song dynasties in three chapters.
The first chapter, "the duty of the scholar in the Tang and Song Dynasties". Through the investigation of the development track in the ancient Chinese history, the composition of the officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the historical origin of the imperial edict, the service organization and the accommodation of the Chinese Shu men, outlined the scope and characteristics of the duty of the Tang Song Zhongshu. The type of the book of the Song Dynasty, the type of the life of the weeds, the system of the main document system and the format of making books in the Tang and Song Dynasties, discussed the specific situation and the development and changes of the system and the development and change of the Chinese books. From the Tang to the Song Dynasty, the power of the scholar in the Tang Dynasty was on the rise, and the Han Lin bachelors showed a downward trend.
In the second chapter, the central system of the administrative center of the Tang and Song Dynasties was combed in this chapter. The development of the three provinces in the early Tang Dynasty was characterized by the continuous development and perfection of the power in the three provinces, and the concrete manifestation of the expansion of the power in the three provinces and the power of the Chinese books in the middle and later period of the Tang Dynasty. Under the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty, the central Book gate of the Tang Dynasty is the foundation of the middle book and the lower system in the Northern Song Dynasty. The evolution track of the administrative center of the Song Dynasty is the decision. It still can not reverse the trend of the integration of the administrative center. The power of the scholar in the period of the Tang Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting system and the participation of the Senate. The power of the scholar in the Song Dynasty is mainly embodied in the two aspects of the drafting and edict and the closure of the word, and after the reform of the official system, the power of the Chinese Book Men's participation in the Senate is restored. From the drafting to the painting, the power and authority continued to develop, the participation of the words, the seal refutation and the imperial edict, the power reached the peak in the Southern Song Dynasty. As a prime minister, the relationship between the middle Shu and the prime minister is both dependent and antagonistic.
The third chapter, "the management of the man in the book of the Chinese books". This chapter combs the regulations of the posts, grades, costumes, class positions, salary and so on, and examines the changes between the Tang and Song dynasties. In fact, the flow of personnel is frequent, but most of them are promoted by promotion.
On the basis of the selection of the Chinese books, the fundamental basis for the selection of the Chinese books, the most fundamental basis or the quality of their own, is one of the basic conditions for the selection of the Chinese books. The composition of the rounding men in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the north in the Tang Dynasty, and the south in the Song Dynasty. The family, which accounts for a large proportion of the Chinese books, is higher than the Song Dynasty. It also shows that under the imperial examination system, the fairness of the entry is greatly improved, and the source of the Chinese books is becoming more and more extensive. It has a certain effect on the political stability and the development of culture and education.
【学位授予单位】:东北师范大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2008
【分类号】:K242
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 侯佳;中书舍人与北宋诗文研究[D];河南大学;2012年
2 陈朝阳;北宋熙丰时期的两府研究[D];首都师范大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 张珂;中唐翰林学士诗歌创作研究[D];河南大学;2011年
2 宫超;隋唐时期中书舍人研究[D];青海师范大学;2011年
3 李晓斌;汉唐谒者官制研究[D];鲁东大学;2012年
4 庞桧存;楼钥研究[D];河北大学;2012年
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