南宋的御营司与机速房

发布时间：2018-05-07 06:50

本文选题：南宋 + 御营司　；参考：《西北大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 御营司是南宋建炎年间所设立的一个机构，其全称是御营使司。金人入侵，北宋灭亡，它所创立的一系列体制也随之灭亡。侥幸逃命的康王赵构于兵火之中称帝，是位高宗。宋高宗君臣为了逃避金人的进攻，需要迅速组建新的统治体制。于是宋高宗创建了御营司，对军队实施有效的控制与调驭。御营司在南宋建炎年间权限很大，由宰相兼任其长官，集指挥权、统军权于一身，使枢密院形同虚设。但是御营司毕竟只是一个权宜的机构，，内部存在着诸多问题。建炎三年(1129)，刘光世、韩世忠和张俊三大将脱离了御营司的管辖。御营司的权力受到很大的削弱，并最终于建炎四年(1130)被取消。绍兴三十一年(1161)金海陵王入侵，宋高宗摆出亲征的姿态，开设御营宿卫司，任命大将杨存忠为“御营宿卫使”，不过习惯上仍称之为“御营使”。但此时的御营使以及御营宿卫司远远不能与建炎年间的御营使和御营司相比，很快御营使与御营宿卫司被撤销。御营司最终退出了历史舞台。建炎四年(1130)御营司被撤销之后，朝廷将原御营司侵占枢密院的权力归还枢密院，同时将御营司并入到枢密院中，改为机速房。机速房便始建于此。机速房在整个南宋经历了三个时期：第一个时期从宋高宗建炎四年(1130)到宋孝宗乾道八年(1172)；第二时期为宋宁宗开禧年间(1205——1207)；第三时期为宋度宗咸淳九年(1273)至南宋灭亡。在这三个时期中，机速房由一个枢密院辖下的小机构演变成为宰相府中的办事机构，再演变成为中书省下的办事机构，其权力曾一度炙手可热。御营司与机速房在南宋历史上存在的时间并不长，但是他们都曾经权重一时，对他们所存在时期的历史，尤其是军事方面产生了重大影响。本文试图就这两个机构的建置背景，规模及作用影响等问题展开论述，使人们对这两个机构有所了解，并为人们对南宋历史的认识提供更多的帮助。
[Abstract]:Yuying Division is an organization established during the Southern Song Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty invaded, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, it created a series of institutions also perished. Lucky to run for his life, Zhao, king of Kang, was emperor in the midst of the army fire. In order to escape the attack of Jin people, the monarch and minister of Gaozong need to set up a new ruling system quickly. So Song Gaozong established the Royal Battalion Division to control and control the army effectively. Imperial battalion division in the Southern Song Dynasty in the years of great authority, by the prime minister concurrently as its chief, set command, unified military power in one, so that the Privy Council. After all, however, the Royal Battalion is only an expedient organization, and there are many problems inside. Jiannan three years of 1129, Liu Guangshi, Han Shizhong and Zhang Jun three out of the Imperial Department's jurisdiction. The power of the Royal Battalion was greatly weakened and eventually abolished by 1130 in four years. In the 31 years of Shaoxing's invasion of the King of Jinhailing, Song Gaozong took a pro-military stance and set up the Department of Imperial, Residential and Health Services, and appointed General Yang Cunzhong as the "Imperial Camp and Guild Ambassador," but it was still customarily called the "Imperial Camp Ambassador." However, the emissary and the Royal Battalion Department were far from being able to be removed quickly as compared with the Imperial Ambassadors and the Royal Battalion in the period of inflammation. The Royal Battalion finally withdrew from the stage of history. After the abolition of the Imperial Battalion, the court returned to the Privy Council the power of encroaching on the Privy Council, and merged the Imperial Bureau into the Privy Council and changed it into a machine room. The engine-speed room was built here. The machine speed room experienced three periods throughout the Southern Song Dynasty: the first period was from Song Gao Zong Jianyan four years (1130 years) to Song Xiaozong Qiandao eight years (1172); the second period was Song Ningzong (1205-1207); the third period was Song Du Zong Xianchun nine years (1273) and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. In these three periods, the machine speed room from a Privy Council to a small office in the prime minister's office, and then into the office of the province, its power was once hot. The Imperial Battleship and the Air-speed Room did not exist for a long time in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, but they all had a great influence on the history of their existence period, especially on the military aspect. This paper attempts to discuss the background, scale and effect of these two institutions, so as to make people understand the two institutions and provide more help for people's understanding of the history of the Southern Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K245

【引证文献】