清朝对外蒙古管理体制研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:08

本文选题：清朝 + 外蒙古　；参考：《中央民族大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：外蒙古是清代后期对漠北喀尔喀四部的称呼,有时也包括科布多和唐努乌梁海。而本文所说的外蒙古是以喀尔喀蒙古人为主体,包括厄鲁特的一些部落。范围包括喀尔喀蒙古地区、科布多和乌梁海地区。清代在外蒙古实行的盟旗制度、军府制度是在旧有的制度基础之上进行的创新,针对此地区的情况打造的独特的新型的统治方式。盟旗制度是行政与军事合一性质的机构,是清政府在外藩蒙古军事行政统治的基础。各旗设扎萨克,掌管各旗的行政事务。凡是与民事有关的事务均由旗扎萨克处理,然后再上报盟长,由盟长上报理藩院,由理藩院最终裁决。军事事务则是首先由喀尔喀各部副将军总理,然后上报定边左副将军或库伦办事大臣,这样,军事行政分开。总管旗则是设总管,其军事行政事务直属科布多参赞大臣或定边左副将军管辖。军府制度所包括的喀尔喀副将军、定边左副将军(乌里雅苏台将军)、科布多参赞大臣、库伦办事大臣在盟旗制度的基础之上掌控着此地区的军事、外交、司法、商贸等大权。他们受清廷任命,有固定任期,难以形成专权统治,有利于这一地区的安定团结。在全面、详细、系统地论述清朝对外蒙管理体制的同时,还对以下一些问题进行了考证。一是多伦会盟时清政府对哲布尊丹巴及其属众的安置问题,对于这个问题学者多没有涉及。二是对于喀尔喀汗号的保留清政府多有不愿,所以喀尔喀三汗直到雍正十一年才享有俸禄。三是探讨了青衮咱卜撤驿之变的真正原因,以正清政府恩养喀尔喀之名。四是对定边左副将军与八旗驻防将军的异同做了探讨,很多研究八旗驻防的学者在提到定边左副将军时只是说不属八旗驻防,但是对于原因多没有涉及,为此在本文特别就此问题做了阐明。五是对于喀尔喀牧地纠纷问题做了阐述,牧地纠纷问题是清政府在喀尔喀划定牧地范围的缘起。六是库伦办事大臣与定边左副将军的权力之争最终使清政府得以从策凌家族手中收回定边左副将军之权,二分喀尔喀,并顺利地进行了牧地范围的划分,首次实现了喀尔喀牧地由皇帝划分的原则。七是对于清政府在外蒙古的驻防问题进行了论述。八是总结了清政府对外蒙管理体制的一些特点,说明正是因为这些特点才使清政府达到以外蒙为长城的目的。
[Abstract]:Outer Mongolia is the late Qing Dynasty to the Mobei Khalkha four titles, sometimes including Kobdo and Tang Nuwu Lianghai. In this paper, the outer Mongolia is Kahkha Mongols as the main body, including some tribes of Erlut. The scope includes the Kahkha Mongolia region, Kobdo and Uliang Sea areas. In the Qing Dynasty, the military government system was innovated on the basis of the old system, and the unique new style of governance was created according to the situation in this area. Union flag system is the administrative and military nature of the organization, is the Qing government in the foreign vassal military administration of Mongolia. Each flag set up Zasak, in charge of the flag of the administrative affairs. All civil matters shall be dealt with by Banner Zasack, and then reported to the head of the League, who shall report the matter to the Court for final decision. Military affairs are first by the Deputy Prime Minister of Khalkha, and then reported to either the left Deputy General or the Secretary of State of Cullen, so that the military administration is separated. The head of the flag is a general, its military and administrative affairs directly under the Minister of Counsellor or Dingbian left deputy general. The military system consists of Deputy General Khalkha, Deputy General Dingbian left (General Uriyazutai, Counsellor Kobdo, Minister Cullen, who controls the region's military, diplomatic, judicial, trade and other powers on the basis of the Union flag system. They were appointed by the Qing Dynasty, have a fixed term of office, difficult to form an autocratic rule, conducive to stability and unity in the region. In a comprehensive, detailed, systematic discussion of the Qing Dynasty on the management system of Mongolia, but also to the following issues. First, the Qing government's resettlement of Zhibzondanba and its followers during the Doren League was not concerned with many scholars. Second, the retention of the kalkha Khan, the Qing government is unwilling, so Kerkar Khan did not enjoy salaries until 11 years Yongzheng. The third is to explore the true reasons for the change of the Qing Dynasty government. Fourth, it discusses the similarities and differences between the left deputy general of the fixed border and the general of the eight banners garrison. Many scholars who study the garrison of the eight banners only say that they do not belong to the garrison of the eight banners when referring to the deputy general of the left garrison of the eight banners, but the reasons are not involved. In this paper, this problem is expounded. Fifth, it expounds the dispute of Kalka pastoral land, which is the origin of the Qing government delimiting the rangeland range in Khalkha. Sixth, the power struggle between the minister of affairs of Cullen and the deputy general of Dingbian made it possible for the Qing government to recover the power of deputy general Dingbian from the family of Ziling, dichotomous Khalkha, and carried out the division of pasture area smoothly. For the first time, the principle of the division of the Khalka pasture by the emperor was realized. Seventh, the Qing government's garrison in Outer Mongolia was discussed. Eighth, it summarizes some characteristics of the Qing government's management system on the outside Mongolia, and explains that it is because of these characteristics that the Qing government achieves the goal of taking the outer Mongolia as the the Great Wall.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

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