魏晋南北朝丧服制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 09:11

本文选题：礼学 + 丧服制度　；参考：《清华大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：魏晋南北朝时期最具有代表性的思想常常被认为是玄学和佛教,相对而言,儒学地位较为低落。但是,作为儒学重要组成部分的礼学尤其是丧服之学却受到格外的重视,不仅研究著作众多,而且讨论异常细腻深入,参与礼仪讨论的也不限于专职的太常礼官,而是包括了上自天子下至一般官员的众多阶层,所论之事也不仅限于皇室诸侯,而是普遍施行于整个社会。这种指导社会、影响舆论甚至法令的重要功能,与儒学不振的整体面貌形成强烈的反差,从而使对丧服制度的研究成为理解魏晋社会特质的一个重要渠道,而对《丧服》中蕴涵的儒家思想与时代关系的探讨也就显得异常必要。本文通过作为经典文本的《丧服》与具有现实指导意义的丧服制度,以及丧服制度与同时段社会其他制度两个维度的比较,对魏晋南北朝丧服制度进行论述。其中,前者较为突出经学上的辨析,后者则重在史学考察,这样的安排反映在具体章节上就是每一章都是先厘清经义,然后再对其变化加以阐述,并分析变化所以形成的原因。借助这样的手段可以发现,丧服之学所以深受重视,与它对时代的适应性密切相关,丧服制度本身的变化就是这种适应性的充分显示。《丧服》讲“亲亲”,但是更讲“尊尊”,二者既有交叉,又各有侧重。在魏晋南北朝时期,“亲亲”的原则最受推崇,“缘情制礼”成为这一时期丧服制度的主要特征,但与此同时,礼制别尊卑、定亲疏的作用也并未完全忽视,“情”的发挥通过“礼”的约束更加具有合理性,并且成为社会普遍遵循的固定制度传诸后世。情、礼之间,重情是前提,礼则作为必不可少的限制性背景而存在。这种结合,既与传统的丧服制度不尽相同,也不是一味的肆情任诞,而成为一种“以情制服,以礼裁之”因而能够“情礼兼得”的新型丧服制度。这种制度的形成历时很久,而且不同时代、不同地域也并非完全相同,但其总体趋势却无二致。而且,由于丧服制度与宗族、法律、社会组织以及孝道观念的密切关系,对其变化轨迹的考察,不仅可以显示经典本身涵义的变化,也使经典与社会的互动关系得以彰显。
[Abstract]:The most representative thoughts in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties were often regarded as metaphysics and Buddhism. However, as an important part of Confucianism, the school of rites, especially the study of funeral clothes, has received special attention. Not only many works have been studied, but also the discussions have been very delicate and thorough, and those who have participated in the discussion of etiquette are not limited to the full-time officials of too common etiquette. It includes many classes from the emperor to the general officials, not only the royal princes, but also the whole society. This important function of guiding the society, influencing public opinion and even the law forms a strong contrast with the overall appearance of Confucianism, thus making the study of mourning system an important channel for understanding the social characteristics of the Wei and Jin dynasties. It is necessary to probe into the relationship between Confucianism and the times. This paper discusses the mourning system of Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties through the comparison between the mourning system as a classic text and the mourning system with realistic guiding significance, as well as between the mourning system and other social systems in the same time period. Among them, the former is more prominent in the discrimination of Confucian classics, while the latter is mainly in the study of historiography. This arrangement is reflected in the specific chapters, that is, each chapter first clarifies the meaning of the classics, and then explains the changes and analyzes the reasons for the formation of the changes. By this means, we can find that the school of mourning is highly valued and is closely related to its adaptability to the times. The changes in the mourning system itself are a full demonstration of this adaptability. "bereavement" talks about "kinship", but it is more about "respecting respect". Both of them both cross, and each has its own emphasis. In the period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the principle of "kinship" was most highly respected, and the principle of "affection and propriety" became the main feature of the mourning system in this period, but at the same time, the function of the etiquette system was not completely ignored. The exertion of "emotion" is more reasonable through the restriction of "propriety", and it has become a fixed system which is widely followed by the society. Emotion, between rites, respect feeling is the premise, ritual as an indispensable restrictive background and exist. This kind of combination is not only different from the traditional mourning system, but also a new type of mourning system which can be obtained by emotion and ceremony. The formation of this system lasted a long time, and different times, different regions are not exactly the same, but its general trend is the same. Moreover, because of the close relationship between mourning system and clan, law, social organization and the concept of filial piety, the investigation of its changing track can not only show the change of the meaning of the classic itself, but also make the interaction between classic and society manifest.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K235

【引证文献】