宋代工部研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:41

本文选题：宋代 + 工部　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：宋神宗元丰改制前，工部为闲置机构，仅设判工部事一人，但判工部事不常设。工部所辖四司亦仅设判司事，熙宁年间（1068—1077）开始由判都省一人兼领。工部长贰、四司郎官皆成了阶官，带工部官衔而担任其他差遣，其中既有带工部长贰官衔任宰执者，亦有任地方官者，同时还存在带工部官衔而无差遣的现象。元丰五年（1082）五月之后，工部职能恢复，四司职能亦随之复活，工部官员方始除授，《宋史》对元丰改制后工部官员除授的记载与实际除授情况差异较大。在工部官员除授上，工部尚书在宋哲宗登基后方予以除授，后来亦常有阙而不除的情况。当工部尚书缺位时，工部侍郎便成为工部事实上的长官，掌工部之事。对于工部四司而言，元丰改制初，仅头司工部司同时设郎中、员外郎，而屯田、虞部、水部三子司或设郎中、或设员外郎，不备置。元yP年间（1086—1094），在省并、精简政府机构的大背景下，屯田司兼并水部司，屯田司、虞部司转隶于户部，工部职掌大为缩减；在宋徽宗朝，屯田、虞部二司又归于工部。南宋建立后，政府机构整体趋简，工部四司一度仅剩工部司，将作、都水、少府诸监先后并归工部。即便如此，工部依然为一清闲的机构，这在工部官吏数量、宋人谚语等方面都有体现。工部官员常兼其他职务，如工部长贰兼参知政事、枢密使、同知枢密院事、临安知府，以至南宋末年兼任地方上的制置使等。从部门官署来看，在唐代，工部居于皇城之内，而到了宋代，工部随尚书省迁于皇城之外，后虽有办公官署，但也是与其他机构共处一厅；元丰改制后，随着新尚书省的兴建，工部有了独立办公官署，房间数量大为增加，这是工部职能恢复、事务增多后在官署上的表现。有唐以来，六部排列次序多次发生变化，但工部却总居于六部之尾，从官署布局的左、右行来看，工部属于右行；从前、中、后行来看，工部属于后行，这种情况自唐以来没有发生过变化。从工部长贰的迁转情况来看，元丰改制前，迁入工部尚书者主要是尚书左、右丞和兵部侍郎；从工部尚书迁出后主要为刑部尚书；迁入工部侍郎者主要是给事中和谏议大夫；从工部侍郎迁出后主要为刑部侍郎和兵部侍郎，这种实际迁转情况和《宋史·叙迁之制》所载有较大的差异。在宋代，工部与将作、都水、军器、少府诸监虽然长期并设，但它们并非平行机构，工部地位要远高于诸监。元丰改制前，诸监已经恢复职能，但因工部在当时为闲置机构，所以它们之间并无太多关涉；元丰改制后，随着工部职能的恢复，，它们之间的关系体现为一种隶属关系。但这种隶属关系又非一对一、多对一的上下级统辖关系，将作、都水诸监与工部交往较多，故显得与工部关系较为紧密。元yP年间户部官员提出加强财权控制，将作、都水诸监受户部的影响更大，而工部只是对诸监营造事务进行监督、检查。南宋时，将作、都水诸监相继并入工部，此并入与隶属意思不同，并入即将作监、都水监诸监机构取消，职能完全归于工部。不过将作监、都水监、军器监并入工部为时不久，即从工部分离出去，它们之间的关系又恢复到元丰改制后的状态。工部受到三个层面的监督，其一是工部长官对工部官员的监督，其二是工察的监察，其三是尚书右司的监察。尚书右司、工察对工部的监察主要是对工部与其他部门来往公文的监察，而工部长官则是对工部各种事务进行监督。
[Abstract]:Before the reform of the song Shen Song Yuan Feng, the Ministry of work was an idle institution, only to judge the Ministry of work, but to judge the Ministry of work, but the Ministry of work was not established. The four divisions of the Ministry of labor had only a judge, and the Ministry of labour (1068 - 1077) began to judge the Ministry of labor. After five years (1082) Yuan Feng's five year (1082) May, the function of the Ministry of work was restored, and the functions of the four divisions were resurrected. The Ministry of labour was taught in the rear of the song zzong, and then there was no exception. When the Ministry of work was absent, the Ministry of work became the factual officer of the Ministry of work and the affairs of the Ministry of labor. For the four division of the Ministry of labor, the first division of the Ministry of work was the first Department of the Ministry of work, Si Tong, a Langzhong, a post Lang, and a three subdivision of the village, the Yu and the water department. Or set up a Lang, or set up a post Lang, not to set up. Yuan yP years (1086 - 1094), in the province and to streamline the large background of government institutions, Da Ji merger water department, Da Ji, Yu Department to the Department of household, the Ministry of work is greatly reduced; in the Song Hui Tsung Dynasty, Tun Tian, the Yu Department two divisions returned to the Ministry of labor. After the Southern Song was established, the government institutions to simplify, the Ministry of work four divisions. At one time only the Department of the Ministry of work will be left to work, all water, and the Ministry of the young mansion is returned to the Ministry of work. Even so, the Ministry of labor is still a leisure organization, which is reflected in the number of officials in the Ministry of work and the proverbs of the song man. The office of the Ministry of work often concurrently holds other posts, such as the Minister of work and the knowledge of political affairs, the pivot of the pivot, the knowledge of the Privy Council in Ling'an, and the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the Ministry of work was in the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty, the Ministry of work moved out of the imperial city with the Ministry of office, but after the restructuring of the new Shang Shu Province, the Ministry of work had an independent office office, and the number of rooms increased greatly. This is the functional recovery of the Ministry of labor and the performance in the official department after the increase of the affairs. Since Tang, the six orders have changed many times, but the Ministry of labor is always at the end of six. From the left and right lines of the official department, the Ministry of work belongs to the right line; in the past, in the past, the Ministry of work is in the rear, and this situation has not changed since the Tang Dynasty. In the case of the relocation of the minister II, before the reform of the Yuan Feng, the people who moved into the Ministry of the Ministry of work were mainly Shang Shu left, right prime minister and the Department of military service; after the relocation of the Ministry of labor, the chief of the Ministry of punishment was the Ministry of the Ministry of labor. In the Song Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty, the Ministry of work and the Ministry of work were to work for a long time, but they were not parallel institutions, but they were far higher than those of the Zhuhai prison. Before the reform of the Yuan Feng, they had resumed their functions, but there was not much concern between them because the Ministry was at the time as an idle institution. After the restructuring of Yuanfeng, with the restoration of the function of the Ministry of work, the relationship between them was embodied as a kind of subordinate relationship. But this kind of subordinate relationship was not one to one, and the relationship between the upper and lower levels was more closely related to the Ministry of work, so the relations with the Ministry of work were more tight. In the years yP, the officials of the Department of household put forward to strengthen the control of financial power. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Ministry of water supervision and supervision and inspection. The Ministry of work will be inspected and inspected. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the water supervisors will be incorporated into the Ministry of work in succession. Soon, the Department was separated from the Ministry of work, and the relationship between them was restored to the state after the restructuring of Yuanfeng. The Ministry of work was supervised by three levels, one is the supervision of the Ministry of the Ministry of work, the other is the supervision of the Ministry of work, and the third is the supervision of the Shang Shu right. To supervise official documents, the chief of staff supervises all kinds of affairs of the Ministry of labour.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.4;K244

【参考文献】