宋代的路:划时代的地方行政制度设计

发布时间：2018-06-01 19:06

本文选题：宋代 + 路　；参考：《贵州社会科学》2014年05期

【摘要】：宋代在路级政区,按照分权制衡的原则,设立漕、宪、仓、帅四司,建立起诸司并立、各司其责、互不统属而又相互牵制的运行机制,这一精神被元代的行省、明清的三司、督抚制度所承袭。这种地方行政制度设计,避免了重蹈汉唐末期由于地方势力尾大不掉而陷入军阀混战和藩镇割据的历史覆辙;但地方权力的过度分散与削弱,却又导致地方行政失去活力,在面对内部突发事件和外族入侵时缺乏有效的应对机制,在免于分裂的同时,却又不免于农民起义或外族入侵。以宋代路制的建立为节点,中国古代前期的王朝大多亡于地方割据势力,后期的王朝大多亡于农民起义和外族入侵,从而使得历史前期与历史后期呈现出不同的政治风貌。因此,宋代所创的路级体制可以说是中国古代地方行政制度的一个重要转捩点,是中国古代历史的一个重要转捩点,是具有划时代意义的地方行政制度设计。
[Abstract]:In the Song Dynasty, in accordance with the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances, the Song Dynasty set up four departments, namely, Caohe, constitution, warehouse, and handsome, and set up a running mechanism in which all the departments stood side by side, and each department was responsible for each other, which was separated from each other by the running mechanism of the Yuan Dynasty and the three divisions of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the three divisions of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The system of governor is inherited. This kind of local administrative system design avoided the historical rut that the late Han and Tang dynasties fell into warlords' melee and the separation of towns because of the local influence, but the excessive decentralization and weakening of local power led to the loss of vitality of local administration. In the face of internal emergencies and foreign invasion, there is a lack of effective coping mechanism, not only from division, but also from peasant uprisings or foreign invaders. Taking the establishment of the road system in the Song Dynasty as the node, most of the early dynasties in ancient China were killed by the local separatist forces, and the later dynasties were mostly killed by peasant uprisings and foreign invaders, which made the early historical period and the later historical period present different political styles. Therefore, the road level system created in the Song Dynasty can be said to be an important turning point of ancient Chinese local administrative system, an important turning point of ancient Chinese history, and an epoch-making design of local administrative system.
【作者单位】：河南大学;南京师范大学;
【分类号】：D691;K244

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