汉晋间风俗观念与政治实践的互动

发布时间：2018-06-02 15:16

本文选题：东汉 + 三国　；参考：《南开大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：早在先秦时期,政治文化的“弥散性”与“典范性”就已然形成。“弥散性”表现为政治在社会生活领域里无孔不入,从而影响着人们的行为方式和生活模式,于是社会风俗就不仅仅是依据民众的生产生活需要而自发产生,而是在一定程度上伴随政治意识形态的走向而发生着变化。“典范性”则表现为对政治范例的尊重,既强调前世对后世的垂范性,又重视上层对下层的示范性。这两种政治文化特性使得“风俗”被赋予了如下政治内涵：风俗关联到政权的兴亡；风俗是衡量政治的标准；风俗是治国理政的内容；风俗与法制相辅相成。自先秦以来,风俗被纳入到政治范畴内予以观察、记录、评判和改造,由此而形成了“议政论俗”的文化传统,该传统在中国古代社会一直延续。在东汉至西晋这段历史时期,人们普遍关切社会风俗问题,由此也形成了关于风俗问题的种种论述。汉晋间风俗观念的主题是批判时俗与移风易俗,执政者的作风问题成为普遍关注的焦点,俭约之风与务实之风成为许多人的期待。在汉晋间社会生活中,政治在日常生活风俗中发挥了不小的作用,影响到日常生活的饮食、服饰、婚姻、丧葬等层面。政治对社会风俗的塑造作用主要通过“上层示范”、“道德教化”和“律令规整”三个路径来进行。上层示范主要体现为“君主示范”与“士人示范”,道德教化主要通过“学校教育”和“循吏宣化”来实现,律令规整则属于非常手段。社会风俗对政治具有反馈作用,风俗使及其他一些官吏在上层政治与社会风俗之间搭起了沟通的桥梁。在汉晋间的政治生活中,官员的举荐、弹劾与奖惩往往涉及风俗问题,皇权的波动、世族的经济状况与风俗的变迁具有一定的关联性,人物性格因素对风俗观念也具有一定的影响作用。从汉晋间风俗观念与政治实践的互动现象中,至少可以得到这样的启示：政治腐败是扰乱社会风俗的根源；整饬风俗应先从社会上层做起；社会风俗需要信仰作为支撑。
[Abstract]:As early as the pre-Qin period, the "dispersion" and "exemplary" of political culture had already formed. "diffusivity" is manifested in the pervasive nature of politics in the field of social life, which affects the way people behave and the way they live, so social customs do not just come into being spontaneously according to the needs of people's production and life. To some extent, it is changing with the trend of political ideology. "Paradigm" shows respect for the political paradigm, emphasizing the downcast character of the later generations and the demonstration of the upper level to the lower level. These two political and cultural characteristics make "custom" to be endowed with the following political connotations: custom is related to the rise and fall of political power; custom is the standard to measure politics; custom is the content of governing and managing politics; custom and legal system complement each other. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, customs have been incorporated into the political category to be observed, recorded, judged and reformed, thus forming the cultural tradition of "discussing politics and vulgarity", which has been continued in ancient Chinese society. During the historical period from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty, people were generally concerned about the social customs. The theme of custom in Han and Jin dynasties was to criticize the custom and change the customs. The style of government became the focus of attention, and the style of frugality and pragmatism became the expectation of many people. In the social life of Han and Jin dynasties, politics played an important role in daily life, which affected the diet, dress, marriage, funeral and so on. The role of politics in shaping social customs is mainly carried out through three ways: "upper demonstration", "moral enlightenment" and "law regularity". The upper demonstration is mainly embodied in the "monarch demonstration" and "scholar demonstration", the moral education is mainly realized through "school education" and "official propaganda", and the rules and regulations belong to the extraordinary means. Social customs have a feedback effect on politics, and customs and other officials build a bridge between upper politics and social customs. In the political life of the Han and Jin dynasties, the recommendation, impeachment, reward and punishment of officials often involve customs, the fluctuation of imperial power, the economic situation of the family and the changes of customs. The character factor also has the certain influence to the custom idea. From the interaction between customs and political practice in Han and Jin dynasties, we can get at least such revelations: political corruption is the root of disturbing social customs; rectifying customs should start from the upper level of society; social customs need faith as the support.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691;K235;K234.2

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