明清时期中国与琉球贸易之研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 11:09

本文选题：明清 + 中国与琉球　；参考：《厦门大学》1998年博士论文

【摘要】：明清时期,琉球是一个与中国关系极为密切的藩属国。自1372年中琉建立了正式的邦交关系后,两国之间的贸易往来日趋频繁,并在中国的海外贸易史上占据了重要的地位。中国政府为中琉贸易的发展创造了极为优越的条件,不仅在政策方面予以琉球国最优惠的待遇,而且还为琉球来华贸易提供了大量的海船。为了帮助琉球国发展朝贡贸易,1392年明统治者派遣带有先进生产经验的闽人三十六姓移居琉球,使琉球国航梅造船技术一日千里地向前迈进,海上贸易力量不断壮大,从而跻身于世界航海贸易发达国之行列。瞬息万变的海外贸易形势,也为琉球对华贸易提供了不可多得的历史契机,中琉贸易一崛而起,历史地位日益突出。围绕着中琉贸易的不断发展,中琉两国相应的机构诸如福建市舶司、琉球馆、进贡厂、会同馆、琉球的评价司、天使馆等逐渐完善,贸易制度也愈加健全。中琉贸易的形式是多样的,有册封贸易,有朝贡贸易,还有私人贸易,并且出现了专门从事琉球贸易的福州商人,史称球商。中琉贸易的内容十分丰富,迄今史料记载中琉贸易的具体商品品名多达1134种。从这千余种的中琉贸易商品的变化来看,我们知道,中国政府对外贸易政策的变化、琉球社会生产力的发展、日本萨摩藩对琉球的箝制、福建手工业生产和商品市场的作用,都是中琉贸易商品结构变化的重要因素。中琉贸易的贸易额和利润率的估算,使我们看到这一贸易在中国对外贸易中所占的比重。中琉贸易的发展,尤其在明代禁海时期,使得琉球在中国与东南亚诸国之间的中介贸易作用突出,同时在促进福建手工业发展、商品市场繁荣方面,和琉球社会的进步方面,都起到了十分重要的历史作用。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Ryukyu was a vassal state with close relations with China. Since the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between China and Ryukyu in 1372, the trade between the two countries has become more and more frequent and occupied an important position in the history of China's overseas trade. The Chinese government created excellent conditions for the development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, not only to give the most preferential treatment to Ryukyu countries in policy, but also to provide a large number of ships for Ryukyu trade to China. In order to help Ryukyu develop tributary trade, in 1392, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty sent 36 Fujians with advanced production experience to emigrate to Ryukyu, so that Ryukyu's navigation and Mei shipbuilding technology moved forward by leaps and bounds, and the power of maritime trade continued to grow. Thus ranking among the developed countries in the world navigation trade. The rapidly changing overseas trade situation also provides a rare historical opportunity for Ryukyu trade with China. With the continuous development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, the corresponding institutions of the two countries, such as Fujian Shipongshi, Ryukyu Guild, tribute Factory, Huiguan, Ryukyu Evaluation Division, Angel Guild and so on, have gradually improved, and the trading system has become more and more sound. The forms of trade between China and Ryukyu were various, including canonized trade, tributary trade, private trade, and the emergence of Fuzhou merchants who specialized in Ryukyu trade. The content of Sino-Ryukyu trade is very rich, up to 1134 kinds of specific commodity names have been recorded in the historical records of Sino-Ryukyu trade up to now. Judging from the changes in these more than 1,000 kinds of trade commodities between China and Ryukyu, we know that the changes in the foreign trade policy of the Chinese Government, the development of the social productive forces in Ryukyu, the suppression of Ryukyu by Samofan in Japan, and the role of handicraft production and the commodity market in Fujian, Both are important factors in the change of commodity structure of trade between China and Ryukyu. The estimation of the trade volume and profit margin between China and Ryukyu shows us the proportion of this trade in China's foreign trade. The development of Sino-Ryukyu trade, especially during the period of banning the sea in the Ming Dynasty, made Ryukyu's intermediary trade between China and Southeast Asian countries prominent. At the same time, it promoted the development of Fujian handicraft industry, the prosperity of commodity market, and the progress of Ryukyu society. Has played a very important role in history.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：1998
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】