辽夏金时期_走私贸易 的翻译结果

  本文关键词：宋与辽夏金间的走私贸易，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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中国古代史

贸易经济

走私贸易

     Western Capital Datong and Border Smuggling Trade in the Liao and Song Dynasty

     西京大同和辽宋边境走私贸易

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     Maritime Smuggling Trade around the Southeast China Sea In the Sixteenth Century

     16世纪东南中国海上走私贸易探析

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     By virtue of super geographic position, Datong which was the weste rn capital in the Liao and Song Dynasty, became an important passage for border smuggling trade.

     西京大同和北宋河东地区接壤,是辽朝和中原进行联系和交往的重要的桥头堡。 由于受辽、宋王朝不同的对外贸易政策的影响,辽、宋间民间私人贸易即走私贸易盛行,其贸易额甚至超过榷场贸易。

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     At ancient times,smuggling trade has always beenexisting in the economical exchange aspect between two countries .

     古代两个国家之间在经济交流方面一直存在着走私贸易这种形式。

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     Along with the development of maritime smuggling trade, Shuangyu Harbor became a Portuguese settlement of considerable scale.

     随着走私贸易的发展,双屿形成了一个具有相当规模的葡萄牙人居留地。

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     The Smuggling Trade between Song Dynasty and Liao Xia Jin Dynasty

     宋与辽夏金间的走私贸易

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     The smuggling trade ofancient Chinese could be divided into two kinds of situations: one hand,it happened betweenthe universal dynasties and the oversea countries ( Japan, North Korea and so on) ,the otherhand ,during disunited periods,among each political power within the boundaries of China,smuggling trade always occurred.

     中国古代的走私贸易可以分为两种情况:一是大一统的王朝与海外(如日本、朝鲜等)诸国之间的走私贸易,二是分裂时期中国境内各个政权之间的走私贸易。

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     Between Songand Liao, Song and Xia, Song and Jin,smuggling trade respectively has its characteristic:Smuggling trade had always been existing between Song and Liao, and could be dividedinto two stages by the treaty the Chanyuan,. In the first stage, because the establishment ofmonopolization was unstable, the smuggling trade had then acted as the main form ofeconomic exchange between Song and Liao.

     宋辽、宋夏、宋金之间的走私贸易各有其特点:宋辽之间始终存在着走私贸易,以澶渊之盟为界可以分为前后两个阶段,在第一阶段,由于榷场的设置不稳定,走私贸易便充当了宋辽经济交流的主要形式。

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     The paper analyzes the prosperity and the decline of the private trade at Shuan-yu, the organization of the Japanese bandit in east Zhejiang, and the smuggling trade' s influence on the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty.

     文章通过对双屿港海上私人贸易兴衰的论述,就明中叶浙东沿海“倭寇”的组成,以及海上走私贸易对明海外政策的影响,作了简约的分析。

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     The smuggling trade is an important economic phenomenon during the period of the Anti-Japanese War. It more or less affected the economy and the military of both sides.

     走私贸易是抗战时期中国的一个重要经济现象,它或多或少地影响到抗战时期敌我双方的经济和军事实力。

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     The Harm to the Social Economic Development by Smuggled Trade in the Late Ming Dynasty

     晚明时期走私贸易对社会经济发展的危害——以广州府为例

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     During the late Ming Dynasty,Guangzhou was one of the key ports for foreign trade,but also one of the areas where smuggled trade ran rampant.

     晚明时期的广州是中国最主要的海外贸易港口,同时也是走私贸易最猖獗地区之一。

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     Because many government officials and local gentlemen in Guangzhou benefited from smuggled trade,it was impossible to stop smuggled trade instead of the efforts made by a few lower-middle officials like Yan Jun-yan.

     由于,当时广州官绅大多与走私贸易有着共同利益关系,所以,尽管曾经有颜俊彦这样的个别中下级官员的努力缉私,却是无法从根本上制止广州地区的走私活动。

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     Studying on Legal Trade and Smuggling between Song and Jin Dynasty

     宋金榷场贸易与走私贸易研究

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     On the Tributary Trade between China and Korea in the Earlier Stage of Ming Dynasty

     论明代中前期中朝使臣的走私贸易

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     First of all, this thesis explains smuggling theoretically.

     本文首先从理论的角度对于走私贸易进行了说明。

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     Smuggling brings great harm to a society. But through the analysis of government's activities and policy-making procedures, we can also conclude that smuggling, to certain extent, can improve social welfare.

     走私贸易给社会带来的危害是巨大的，但是本文通过对政府行为和经济政策制定过程的分析，试图说明走私贸易是对政府错误贸易政策的一种纠偏，对社会福利的损害并没有像多数学者所认为的那样巨大。

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     ，，legal trade and smuggling both ended with the ending of Jin Dynasty.

     榷场贸易和走私贸易都随着金朝的灭亡而最终消亡。

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The Shuangyu Island was made by Portugeses an influentlal base for internahonal smuggling trade.With an examination of relatcd literature, this article proves that Portuguese began trading on the Island between 1522 and 1527, or probably, in 1526.

浙江宁波的双屿港是葡人在进占澳门前所建立的影响很大的国际走私贸易基地。文章在发掘、梳理、研析文献资料的基础上，考定葡萄牙海商私市双屿应始于明嘉靖初年，即1522到1527年间，其中最有可能为1526年．

The overseas trade of Chaozhou can be traced far back, but the ports in Chaozhou had never been acknowledged as legal and formal ports for overseas trade by the governments from the Tang Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. The smuggle trade between Chaozhou and the overseas countries can be divided into illegal trade and illegal trade of contraband goods when classified by contents, or into illegal overseas trade and illegal local trade if by localities. The far back engagement in smuggle trade further encouraged...

The overseas trade of Chaozhou can be traced far back, but the ports in Chaozhou had never been acknowledged as legal and formal ports for overseas trade by the governments from the Tang Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. The smuggle trade between Chaozhou and the overseas countries can be divided into illegal trade and illegal trade of contraband goods when classified by contents, or into illegal overseas trade and illegal local trade if by localities. The far back engagement in smuggle trade further encouraged the harmful practices in Chaozhou that despised the authorities and regarded illegal trade as a shortcut to prosperity. Such practices have arguably remained, to some extent, in Chaozhou so far.

潮州与海外诸国的贸易往来很早就有,但在唐至清初这一时段里,潮州诸港从未成为官府承认的、合法的、正式的对外贸易港口。潮州通番走私贸易从内容上看,有非法地从事贸易与非法地从事违禁物品贸易之分;从形式上看又有下海通番与坐地通番之别。长期从事违禁贸易进一步助长了潮州人蔑视官府,视违禁为快速致富之路的不良风气,此种风气可以说是于今余绪犹存。

This article focuses on the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. As far as the offices of ultramarine trade are concerned, they originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, accomplished in the Yuan Dynasty, and declined in the Ming Dynasty. With the general tendency of the overseas communication as the background, the author elaborates on the process how the traditional system of ultramarine trade was destroyed and gives an account of the basic situation...

This article focuses on the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. As far as the offices of ultramarine trade are concerned, they originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, accomplished in the Yuan Dynasty, and declined in the Ming Dynasty. With the general tendency of the overseas communication as the background, the author elaborates on the process how the traditional system of ultramarine trade was destroyed and gives an account of the basic situation of offices of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the author reveals the historical role that the managements of ultramarine trade played in China's overseas trade and points out that the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty makes a good preparation for the establishment of the Customs in the Qing Dynasty.

兴于唐、发展于宋、完善于元的海外贸易管理制度——市舶制度,为明王朝所继承。然而,明代市舶司在机构设置、职能发挥、选官制度等方面较之前代均有明显的变化。随着朝贡贸易的衰落和私人海外贸易的兴盛,市舶司的政治性职能逐渐减弱,经济性职能日益增强;其管理海外贸易的方式相应地由官方贸易为主体演变为以民间贸易为主体。明代中叶以后,不仅私人海外贸易势力直接冲击着明代的市舶制度,西方殖民者的东来,亦直接瓦解着市舶制度所维系的朝贡贸易体系。面对着东南海防与财政危机,迫使明政府不得不调整其海外贸易政策,而主持海外贸易的市舶司机构,也不得不改弦易辙,在职能方面有所转换。明代后期将打击走私贸易的防海机构——海防馆改为督饷馆,督饷馆的设立对我国海外贸易管理机构由市舶司向海关转变,起到了承上启下的过渡作用。

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  本文关键词：宋与辽夏金间的走私贸易，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。