相名、相业与君相政治思维:明人相论解析

发布时间：2018-06-10 11:20

本文选题：相 + 相业　；参考：《史学月刊》2015年07期

【摘要】：明初废除相制以后,相臣、相国、相公等前代非正式的宰相称谓广泛存在于明人语境之中,明人关于相的文化体认依然清晰。明人以理想之相所应具备的相业、相体与相度等尺度品评本朝阁臣,功业与为相之道并重,徐阶与张居正等人因之所获评价不同。总体来看,明人在有相之历史记忆与无相之现实环境之中形成了独特的君相政治思维,之所以存在相之价值如何、阁臣是相与否等种种争论,表明明人在废相之后的无所适从。然而相臣可议,相制却是不可触碰的政治禁忌,明人在政治思维与实践层面皆未能突破"阁臣类相"的桎梏,未能发明出彻底解决行政中枢权责游移的调适之道,阁臣终究难于自处,这是晚明政治困局的重要致因之一。
[Abstract]:After the abolition of the phase system in the early Ming Dynasty, the informal prime minister titles of the former generation, such as minister, state and minister, were widely used in the context of Yu Ming, and the cultural understanding of the phase was still clear. Ming people should have the ideal phase of the karma, phase and phase of the evaluation of this court officials, both merit and work for the same way, Xu Wei and Zhang Juzheng and other people received different evaluation. In general, the Ming people formed a unique political thinking in the historical memory of each other and in the realistic environment of no phase. The argument as to the value of the existence of each other and whether the ministers were the same or not showed that the Ming people were at a loss after the abolition of the phase. However, the system of justice is a political taboo that cannot be touched. In both political thinking and practice, the Ming people failed to break the shackles of the "courtiers", and failed to invent the proper way to thoroughly solve the problem of the transfer of power and responsibility in the administrative center. This is one of the important reasons for the late Ming Dynasty's political difficulties.
【作者单位】：吉林大学文学院中国史系;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“政治批评与明代政治文化研究”(2013ZZ036)
【分类号】：K248

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