完颜亮迁都燕京与金朝的北境危机——金代迁都所涉之政治地理问题

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:43

本文选题：金代都城 + 迁都　；参考：《文史哲》2013年05期

【摘要】：金朝建国之后近四十年,仍将政治中心置于旧居的东北之地上京会宁府,但其扩张趋势却是始终一贯地朝向西南。由首都上京会宁府辐射至南境河南、陕西的政权控制力,已如强弩之末。金海陵王完颜亮断然迁都燕京,遂使金政权的空间结构达到一种较合理的状态。但是,迁都的直接动力,并非空间的合理化问题,而是金政权的进取心。至海陵末年为止,金政权在发展的空间方向上又重新接续了皇统初所中断的趋势,即继续向南。由此,中原皇朝历来对北境的极度关注,在金初至海陵统治期,没有太多的表现。迁都燕京,并不会直接导致金之衰亡,但它所体现的是金政权对其他方向的威胁漠然无视的态度,这一态度及相应的南征之举,引起了北境防线的崩塌,此后再未能修复,为半个世纪以后的蒙古伐金及金朝政权的灭亡埋下了伏笔。
[Abstract]:Nearly forty years after the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the political center was still placed in the northeast of the old residence in the capital of Beijing, Huining and Ningfu, but its expansion trend was always towards the southwest. Radiation from the capital of Beijing to the southern border of Henan, Shaanxi regime control, such as tension. Jin Hailing Wang moved his capital, Yanjing, so that the space structure of the Jin regime reached a more reasonable state. However, the direct motive force of moving capital is not the rationalization of space, but the initiative of Jin regime. Until the last year of Hailing, the Jin regime resumed the interrupted trend of the beginning of Emperor's Unification in the direction of development, that is, to continue to the south. As a result, the imperial dynasty in the Central Plains has always been extremely concerned about the north, in the early Jin Dynasty to the period of Hailing rule, there is not much performance. The relocation of the capital, Yanjing, will not directly lead to the decline and death of the Jin Dynasty, but it reflects the regime's indifferent attitude towards other directions. This attitude and the corresponding act of the southern expedition caused the collapse of the northern border line of defense, which has since failed to repair it. It laid the groundwork for the fall of Mongol Fagin and the regime of Jin Dynasty half a century later.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;
【分类号】：K246.4;K928.6;D691

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