明朝与安南关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 00:37

本文选题：朝贡 + 邦交　；参考：《暨南大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：明朝是中越关系从无序、不明朗状态发展至规范化、制度化的重要阶段。从明朝与安南的邦交互动来看,大致分为三个时期:第一,洪武、永乐时期。明太祖吸取了宋、元历史的经验教训,试图恢复中国传统的邦交理念,构建一个以中国为主导,有等级秩序的、和谐的理想世界秩序。然而,由于安南陈朝自立意识的膨胀,与明太祖理想世界的构想发生冲突,致使明、安之间围绕宗藩关系、占、安争端、明、安边境纠纷等问题,不断发生磨擦。至明成祖时,矛盾进一步激化,陈天平事件便成为了明成祖征讨安南的导火线。第二,从宣德至嘉靖中叶。熙宗、宣宗对明朝在安南的统治现状进行反省后,决定放弃安南,并围绕两国的宗藩关系进行交涉,安南黎朝承诺遵循洪武所定的制度,对明朝严格实行三年一贡;明、安之间边境的纠纷则以“彼此利便,永息纷争”为原则,进行友善的交涉;对占、安关系,明朝以不偏不倚的态度进行调解,并没有进行直接的干预,因此,在这一百年间,明、安关系具有稳定、和平与规范的特点;第三,晚明时期,明朝与安南同处于朝政衰败状态,但由于安南黎、莫两度易权,明朝藉此机会对其削藩降爵,仅授予“都统使”之职,等同于内地。但是,即便如此,安南不论是莫朝,或是中兴黎朝,实质上依然是“自帝其国”。明朝对安南政权的交替并不拘泥于传统的“兴灭继绝”的理念,基本上是承认既成事实,并在“一个安南”的原则上处理两国的宗藩关系;此外,为了自身安全与利益,明朝适度地施以“存莫抑黎”的手段,通过保护莫氏残余来达到抑制中兴黎朝的目的。在明、安关系中,安南由于受其历史渊源与地缘政治的影响,安、明的宗藩关系内容与其它藩国有所区别,安南对明朝的入贡主要是藉封自重与威邻,并不存在经济利益的追求。而有明一代,对安关系也从明初追求以“德”“礼”为基础的理想的天下秩序,到晚明时期实行务实的保境安民政策的转变,这一演变主要受到国力萎缩与学术文化价值观的演变所影响。
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty is the important stage of the Sino Vietnamese relations from the disorder and the unclear state to the standardization and institutionalization. From the interaction between the Ming Dynasty and Annan's diplomatic relations, it is roughly divided into three periods: first, Hongwu and Yongle period. Ming Tai Zu absorbed the experience and lessons of the song Dynasty and the yuan history, tried to restore the traditional Chinese concept of diplomatic relations and set up a Chinese leadership. There is a hierarchical and harmonious ideal world order. However, because of the expansion of the self-reliance consciousness of Annan Chen Dynasty, it conflicts with the idea of the ideal world of the Ming Tai Zu, resulting in the constant friction between the Ming and the emperor of the suzerain vassal relations, the dispute, the Ming and the border disputes. To Ming Cheng Zu, the contradiction further intensified, and the Chen Tianping incident was He became the leading line of Annan in the Ming Dynasty. Second, from Xuande to the middle of Jiajing, xuzong decided to give up Annan after the Ming Dynasty reexamined the state of Annan's rule, and negotiated the relationship between the two countries, and Annan pledged to follow the system established by Hong Wu and strictly implement the border between the Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty for three years. In the one hundred years, the relations of the Ming Dynasty were stable, peaceful and standard, and third, the Ming Dynasty and Annan were in the political decline of the Ming Dynasty. However, because Annan Li and mo were two degrees of power, the Ming Dynasty took this opportunity to chipping down the vassal and descending of the vassal vassal, only granting the office of "all unification" to the mainland. However, even so, Annan, whether it was the mocho, or Zhongxing Li Dynasty, was still "the country of the emperor" in essence. The alternation of the Ming Dynasty to the Annan regime was not confined to the traditional "rise and fall". The idea is basically to recognize the fait accompli, and to deal with the patriarchal vassal relationship between the two countries on the principle of "one Annan". In addition, for the sake of his own security and interests, the Ming Dynasty appropriately applied the means of "preserving the mod and suppressing Lebanon" in the Ming Dynasty by protecting the remnants of the Mohs to suppress the Zhongxing Li Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Annan was subjected to its historical abyss. In the influence of source and geopolitics, the content of the relationship between the emperor and the Ming Dynasty was different from that of other vassal states. Annan's tribute to the Ming Dynasty was mainly by self weight and its neighbour, and there was no pursuit of economic interests. The transformation of the policy of protecting the environment and protecting the people is mainly affected by the decline of national power and the evolution of academic and cultural values.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】