元代环境史专题研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 12:21

本文选题：元代社会 + 环境互动　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以环境史为研究视角,旨在探讨1206-1368年间的元代,以蒙古贵族为统治阶级,以其他民族为主体的各类人群,在不同地域展开社会经济活动,与自然环境之间发生的互动过程,以及这种过程带给各类人群的影响。总体而言,由于历史进程接续10-13世纪北方民族陆续南下的步骤而来,出现了战事不断、人口减少、社会元气受到损伤的状况。当然,社会经济总体上处于逐步恢复之中,人地关系总体上处于一种和缓的状态(不排除有的方面在累积作用下出现的紧张态势,如黄河泛滥),生态环境所承受的压力减弱,元人在广阔的地域内展开生产、生活活动,并与周围环境进行了广泛的互动。1272年(至元九年),元世祖忽必烈定都于大都城(今北京城),终元之世,元代的政治中心未曾迁移,元代统治者即以北方黄河流域为大本营,其政治影响力从这里向四面推进,即便是向南方、向沿海地区的推进,也是不遗余力。本文依据有元一代的基本史实,围绕元代的屯田活动与地方垦辟、主要地区的水利建设与环境、黄河治理问题、瘴疠对元人经营南方的影响、沿海地区的捍海塘修筑、海上运粮、城市建设中的环境因素、资源利用与管理等主题展开了论述研究,对元人的生存环境给予了初步的判断,基本印证了前述的结论。本文所进行的专题研究,大多是从区域的环境条件出发,将环境条件与人物历史事件结合,立足于元人与环境之间的双向互动,去探寻人与环境相处的有益模式。各专题研究所涉及的地域有别,元人所面临的环境问题也各不相同,这也决定了不同地域人群在行为方式上的不同。基于对相关史料的了解,在专题研究中采用环境史和历史地理学研究方法,尽力突破时空和文化的阻隔,去理解元人与环境相处之不易,尊重其在改造与利用环境中所付出的努力与取得的成就,以期用公正而严谨的态度看待元代人类活动与环境之间的关系。环境史研究作为一种学术思潮,注意把握各个时代人的作用,突出人地关系,辨识人类社会经济活动所引发的生态特征,对历史地理学的研究有所促进。本文本着这样的认识,对元代环境史相应专题所展开的论述,构成了元代环境史的重要组成部分,属于作者对此项研究做出的初步贡献,对元代及其前后时代环境史的认识也有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of environmental history, this paper aims to explore the interactive process between social and economic activities and natural environment in different regions in the Yuan Dynasty from 1206-1368, in which Mongolian aristocrats were the ruling class and other nationalities were the main body. And the impact of this process on all groups of people. In general, because the historical process followed the steps taken by the northern nations in the 10-13 th century, there appeared a situation of continuous war, population reduction, and the damage to social vitality. Of course, the social economy as a whole is gradually recovering, and the relationship between man and land is generally in a state of peace (without excluding some aspects of the tension that appear under the cumulative action, such as the flood of the Yellow River, and the weakening of the pressure on the ecological environment. The Yuan people began to produce, live and interact with their surroundings in a vast area. In 1272 (up to nine years in Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bilie, the capital of Yuan Shizu) was located in the Metropolitan City (Beijing today, the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the political center of the Yuan Dynasty never moved.) The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty took the Yellow River basin in the north as their base, and their political influence pushed forward from here to the four sides, even to the south and coastal areas, but also spared no effort. Based on the basic historical facts of the Yuan Dynasty, this paper revolves around the opening up of farmland and local reclamation in the Yuan Dynasty, the water conservancy construction and environment in the main areas, the management of the Yellow River, the impact of miasma on the management of the southern areas of the Yuan Dynasty, and the construction of the defending sea ponds in the coastal areas. In this paper, the themes of transportation of grain by sea, environmental factors in urban construction, utilization and management of resources are discussed and studied, and the preliminary judgment on the living environment of the Yuan people is given, which basically confirms the conclusion mentioned above. Most of the thematic studies carried out in this paper are based on the regional environmental conditions, combining the environmental conditions with the historical events of characters, and based on the two-way interaction between the Yuan people and the environment, to explore the beneficial mode of human being and the environment getting along with each other. Different regions are involved in each subject study, and the environmental problems faced by the Yuan people are different, which also determines the different behavior patterns of people in different regions. Based on the understanding of relevant historical materials, environmental history and historical geography research methods are adopted in special research to break through the barriers of time and space and culture, and to understand how difficult it is for Yuan people to get along with the environment. It respects its efforts and achievements in reforming and utilizing the environment in order to treat the relationship between human activities and environment in Yuan Dynasty in a fair and rigorous manner. As an academic trend of thought, the study of environmental history pays attention to the role of people in various times, highlights the relationship between man and land, and identifies the ecological characteristics caused by human social and economic activities, thus promoting the study of historical geography. Based on this understanding, this paper discusses the corresponding topics of the environmental history of the Yuan Dynasty, which constitutes an important part of the environmental history of the Yuan Dynasty and belongs to the preliminary contribution made by the author to this study. The understanding of the Yuan Dynasty and its surrounding environmental history also has certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K247

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