论元代入仕怯薛的儒化与相权的特点

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:20

本文选题：怯薛 + 入仕　；参考：《内蒙古社会科学(汉文版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：怯薛是元王朝政治体制中的特殊组织,源于蒙古汗国时期,成吉思汗设立的的怯薛军和怯薛宿卫轮值制度,是影响元朝政治的漠北三大旧制之一。众多学者在怯薛入仕的问题上,基本都认为其作为皇帝近侍,有着"密近天光"的便利条件,得以影响朝政,为自身的集团利益服务,与其他王朝出现的宦官、中朝乱政有着很大的相似之处,且因为怯薛与皇帝之间有着漠北的主奴依附关系,其作为也有着落后的表现。即使怯薛入仕,身为宰相,也不能发挥传统官僚系统对皇权的制约作用。本文则认为,怯薛在进入元朝后,其主奴关系更多表现在身为世袭"孛斡勒"的荣耀,亦即"大跟脚"的身份。怯薛在元朝中后期已经成为高等官员的储备库,且是蒙古勋贵中儒化较深的集团,成为元朝儒化日益加深的代表,并承载了相权制约皇权的作用。
[Abstract]:Shixue was a special organization in the political system of Yuan Dynasty. It originated from the period of Mongolian khanate. The rotation system of Xue Xue and Xue Suwei, established by Genghis Khan, was one of the three old systems that influenced the politics of Yuan Dynasty in Mobei. On the issue of shyness by Xue Jinshi, many scholars generally thought that as an emperors, they had the convenient condition of "close to heaven light", and they were able to influence the government, serve their own group interests, and the eunuchs who appeared in other dynasties. The chaos in China and Korea has great similarities, and because of the relationship between the emperor and the emperor, its behavior is also backward. Even if Xue entered the office, as prime minister, also can not play the role of traditional bureaucratic constraints on imperial power. This paper argues that after the Yuan Dynasty, the relationship between the master and the slave was more manifested in the glory of being a hereditary "Borwole", that is, the status of "big heel foot". In the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, Ishixue had already become the reserve of senior officials, and was a group with deep Confucianism in Mongol. It became the representative of the deepening Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty, and carried the function of restricting the imperial power by the power of the minister.
【作者单位】：内蒙古社会科学院历史研究所;
【分类号】：K247

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