宋孝宗朝宋金关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 14:59

本文选题：宋孝宗 + 金世宗　；参考：《河北大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 宋孝宗并非宋高宗的亲生儿子,他先以宗子的身份被选入宫,经过宋高宗长期的考察最终被确定为皇位的继承人。随着年龄的增长,宋孝宗恢复中原的意愿日益强烈。在完颜亮南侵之时,身为太子的宋孝宗曾主动提出要领兵杀敌,即位之后,他不顾太上皇赵构和部分大臣的反对,发动了“隆兴北伐”,宋军在取得了几次小规模胜利之后,大败于宿州。 “符离之败”后,孝宗把与金国议和提上了议事日程。在金军的强大压力面前,南宋与金签订了“隆兴和议”。南宋虽然摆脱了称臣的不利地位,但在外交礼仪上仍然处于下风,宋孝宗仍然要起立接受金国国书,这令孝宗无法接受。“隆兴和议”之后,利用两国派遣使节庆贺节日的机会,孝宗展开了更定不平等“受书礼”的斗争。由于两国的实力对比没有发生根本变化,太上皇和许多大臣又从中阻挠,宋孝宗利用和平手段解决外交争端的努力没有达到预期的效果。外交斗争的失利让孝宗清醒地认识到,要想改变现状,除了有一支强大军队之外,还必须有强大的经济实力作后盾。他一方面养兵四十万以备恢复中原,另一方面,将南宋的头等大事定义为修明内政,集中力量发展经济。为了在发展经济的同时,不让安于现状的氛围充斥南宋政坛,孝宗经常组织王公大臣参加军事活动;为了不让南宋军队腐化堕落,孝宗还经常组织大规模的阅兵活动。但是,由于南宋国内存在的问题很难在短期内解决,而且,此时的金国内部稳定,南宋没有得到出兵北伐的借口,孝宗不得不将北伐的计划一拖再拖。然而,时不我待,孝宗失去了恢复中原的时间,为了将自己的志向代代相传,孝宗越次将“英武类己”的三子立为太子。淳熙十六年,孝宗禅位。光宗即位后,取年号为“绍熙”,确有继承孝宗朝政策之意。但是,事情却并不像孝宗想象得那样圆满,光宗皇帝不但没有以恢复中原为己任,就连和父亲的关系也处理得很僵。绍熙二年,身为太上皇的孝宗在抑郁和失望中死去,宋孝宗恢复中原的梦想最终没有实现。
[Abstract]:Song Xiao-zong was not the son of Song Gaozong. He was elected to the palace as a son of the emperor. After a long period of investigation, he was determined to be the heir to the throne. With the increase of age, Song Xiaozong's intention to restore the Central Plains is increasingly strong. When Yan Liang invaded the south, the prince Song Xiao-zong offered to lead the army to kill the enemy. After taking over the throne, he launched the "Longxing Northern Expedition" despite the opposition of Emperor Zhao Jian and some ministers. After several small victories, the Song army won several small victories. Defeated in Suzhou. After the defeat, Xiao Zong put the peace with Jin on the agenda. In the face of the strong pressure of the Jin Army, the Southern Song Dynasty and Jin signed the "Longxing Peace Conference." Although the Southern Song Dynasty got rid of the unfavorable position of the minister, it was still in the inferior in diplomatic etiquette, and the Song Xiaozong still had to stand up and accept the credentials of the Jin Dynasty, which made Xiaozong unacceptable. Taking advantage of the occasion of sending envoys to celebrate the festival, filial piety waged an even more unequal struggle. Due to the fact that the balance of power between the two countries has not fundamentally changed and the emperor and many ministers have obstructed it, Song Xiaozong's efforts to settle diplomatic disputes by peaceful means have not achieved the desired results. The failure of the diplomatic struggle made him soberly realize that in order to change the status quo, there must be a strong military, but also a strong economic strength. On the one hand, he raised 400000 soldiers for the restoration of the Central Plains, on the other hand, he defined the first priority of the Southern Song Dynasty as revising the internal affairs and concentrating on the development of the economy. In order not to flood the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty with the atmosphere of complacency while developing the economy, filial piety often organized the king and minister to take part in military activities; in order not to let the Southern Song army corrupt and degenerate, Xiaozong often organized large-scale military parade activities. However, because the problems existed in the Southern Song Dynasty were difficult to solve in a short time, and the Jin Dynasty was stable at this time, the Southern Song Dynasty did not get an excuse to send troops to the Northern Expedition, and Xiaozong had to drag the plan of the Northern Expedition over and over again. However, time is running out, filial piety lost the time to restore the Central Plains. In order to pass on his ambition from generation to generation, Xiaozong more and more made the third son of "British and military" as the prince. Chun-hee 16 years, Xiaozong Zen throne. Guangzong after the throne, take the year as "Shaoxi", has inherited the policy of filial piety. However, things were not as satisfactory as Xiao Zong had imagined. Instead of restoring the Central Plains, Emperor Guangzong did not even deal with his father. Shaoxi died in two years of depression and disappointment, and Song's dream of restoring the Central Plains failed to materialize.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K245

【引证文献】