清代天山北路人口迁移与区域开发研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 01:45

本文选题：天山北路 + 移民　；参考：《复旦大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 清代以前，天山北路是一个以游牧业为主要生产方式的地区，属于新疆草原文化的范畴。清乾隆二十年代时期，随着清朝对准噶尔战争的胜利，移民实边屯垦成为清政府开发新疆的主要政策，清政府利用各种优惠政策吸引内地民众或强行迁移一些团体到天山北路，从事大规模的农业生产活动，从东部的巴里坤、经乌鲁木齐，西到伊犁地区，展开了以农业屯垦为主的区域开发。清后期，天山北路的生产方式已经变成了以农业为主要生产方式的地区。本文从人口迁移入手，分天山北路东部地区和西部地区两个区域，对清代移民人口的类型、数量、迁入方式、区域开发的形式等方面进行了深入分析，探讨了人口迁移和区域开发之间的相互关系。指出清代天山人口迁移是政府指导下的强制行为，迁入的人口多是按照政府制定的政策从事相关的活动，迁入的人口主要是以农业生产为主，在西部伊犁一带迁入的东北移民同时具有防守边疆的重任。本文分析认为，天山北路的东部地区，移民的类型主要是以屯垦为主的户屯、遣屯、兵眷屯、商屯等几个形式，移民的主要来源是陕、甘等邻近地区的贫苦农民。西部地区迁入的人口类型较为复杂，锡伯族、察哈尔蒙古等移民在镇守边疆的同时，也从事部分农业开发，南疆地区移入的维吾尔族则主要是从事农业屯垦，哈萨克、土尔扈特蒙古则主要以游牧业为主。本文以吉木萨尔县为靶区，探讨了人口迁移、农业开发与区域环境之间的相互关系，得出清代吉木萨尔地区的人地关系处在一个良性的循环之中，人口迁入的数量、土地开发的力度没有超越环境承载力的限度，在水资源的地域分配、森林的覆盖等几个方面的环境因子变化不大。本文最后探讨了由于人口迁移所形成的文化景观现象，，如地名景观、语言景观、宗教景观和城镇景观等相关的文化现象，这些文化因子是移民在天山北路生产、生活的表现形式，是移民与当地文化相互整合的结果。
[Abstract]:Before the Qing Dynasty, Tianshan North Road was a region that mainly produced animal husbandry, belonging to Xinjiang grassland culture. In the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, with the victory of the Qing Dynasty in Junggar War, emigration became the main policy of the Qing government to develop Xinjiang. The Qing government used various preferential policies to attract the mainland people or forcibly relocate some groups to Tianshan North Road. Engaged in large-scale agricultural production, from the eastern Barricun, through Urumqi, west to the Yili area, the agricultural reclamation of the main regional development. In the late Qing Dynasty, the production mode of Tianshan North Road had become an area where agriculture was the main mode of production. Starting with population migration, this paper analyzes the type, quantity, immigration mode and the form of regional development of the immigration population in the eastern and western regions of Tianshan North Road in the Qing Dynasty. The relationship between population migration and regional development is discussed. It is pointed out that the population migration of Tianshan Mountain in Qing Dynasty is a compulsory act under the guidance of the government, and most of the people who emigrate are engaged in related activities in accordance with the policies formulated by the government, and the people who emigrate are mainly agricultural production. The Northeast immigrants who moved into the west of Yili also had the important task of defending the frontier. In the east of Tianshan North Road, the main types of immigrants are Hutun, Detun, soldiers' family and Shang Tun, and the main source of emigration is the poor peasants in the neighboring areas, such as Shaanxi, Gansu and so on. The population types in the western region are more complicated. While the Xibo and Chahar Mongolians are guarding the border areas, they are also engaged in some agricultural development, while the Uighurs in the southern Xinjiang region are mainly engaged in agricultural settlement, Kazakh, and so on. Tulhut Mongolia is mainly to tour animal husbandry. In this paper, the relationship among population migration, agricultural development and regional environment is discussed. It is concluded that the relationship between people and land in Jimusar area of Qing Dynasty is in a virtuous circle, and the number of people moving in. The intensity of land development does not exceed the limit of environmental carrying capacity, and the environmental factors in the regional distribution of water resources and forest cover have little change. Finally, this paper discusses the cultural landscape phenomena caused by population migration, such as toponymic landscape, language landscape, religious landscape and urban landscape. These cultural factors are produced by immigrants in North Tianshan Road. The expression of life is the result of the integration of immigrants and local culture.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】