两汉南北朝时期淫祠

发布时间：2018-07-05 19:34

本文选题：两汉南北朝 + 淫祠　；参考：《河北师范大学》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 淫祠是滥设的祠庙。为名山大川，或帝王圣贤立祠，只要立在不恰当的地方或者不在政府的祭典里；以及为生前没有什么功德的人立祠，就是淫祠。淫祠它属于民间信仰的范畴，是民众信仰的客观物质载体。各种各样的淫祠由民众不同的心理动机建立起来了。这些心理出发点反映了当时民众的一些思维倾向。对失败者的怜悯心理反映了民众对一些没有善终之人的同情，也是体现出民众具有独立的思想意识；对清官的怀念心理反映了当时统治阶层的残暴与下层民众的生活痛苦；对英雄人物的崇拜反映了下层民众对英雄人物所具有的巨大能力的敬仰；对神仙的崇拜则体现了在生活无助的现实中，民众对美好生活的向往，因为神仙具有超凡的法术，可以轻易的实现理想；对恶霸的敬畏心理体现了民众在横行无忌的地方恶势力面前的软弱无力；盲目的从众心理则表现了下层民众的愚昧与落后。这些都是下层民众思想中的主要倾向。淫祠一直处于静态与动态两种状态中。地域性是淫祠静态的主要表现，多元性与变化性则是淫祠动态的主要方面。淫祠产生在一定的地域内，自然就形成一定的信仰范围。在时间的长河里，会不断的产生新的淫祠。而这些淫祠也会因某种际遇而有地位与信仰程度的变化。所以淫祠是在动态与静态的互相作用下发展着。淫祠一旦形成，其中神灵就会成为民众祈祷的对象，实际上就成为民众在无助的时候的保护神。这样，大小规模的祭祀活动就会蜂拥而至，对社会财富造成极大的浪费。对淫祠的祭祀也往往成为愉悦自己的方式，娱乐性也体现出来。而政府对淫祠虽然会有不同程度的禁止政策，但是总是在很短的时间内实行，更多的时间或者说是绝大多数时间内淫祠的存在都未有严格的限制。而且淫祠的信仰往往与政府在态度上是不一致的。民众与淫祠神灵的关系仅仅是对其有所求，在有的传说中也体现了对神灵的蔑视。淫祠的日常主持者应该是各种庙祝或庙神巫。但是在某种情况下，，地方官的参与也会给予其合法化的地位，这就体现出政府导向与下层民众信仰之间的互动关系。也是统治思想与民众思想之间差异的具体表现之一。淫祠的神灵已经成为民众的心理需要和精神支柱，成为化解现实生活与理想之间矛盾的精神推动力量，是民众从事现实活动的心理安慰。所以说它体现了下层民众的心理归属感。
[Abstract]:The obscene temple is an overbuilt temple. To set up shrines for famous mountains and rivers, or for emperors and saints, as long as they stand in an inappropriate place or not in government ceremonies, and for those who did not have any meritorious service in their lifetime, that is, the procurers' shrine. It belongs to the category of folk belief and is the objective material carrier of popular belief. All kinds of obscenities are set up by different psychological motives of the people. These psychological starting points reflect some of the people's thinking tendencies at that time. The compassion for the losers reflects the sympathy of the people for those who do not have a good end, and also reflects the independent ideological consciousness of the people, the nostalgia for the clean government reflects the tyranny of the ruling class at that time and the life pain of the lower class. The worship of heroes reflects the admiration of the lower classes for the great abilities of the heroes; the worship of the gods reflects the people's yearning for a better life in the helpless reality of life, because the gods have extraordinary spells. It is easy to realize the ideal; the fear of bullies reflects the weakness of the masses in the rampant local evil forces; the blind mentality of conformity shows the ignorance and backwardness of the lower class. These are the main tendencies in the minds of the lower classes. The shrine has been in both static and dynamic state. The regional nature is the main manifestation of the static state, and the diversity and variation are the main aspects of the dynamic. The obscenity shrine comes into being in a certain area, and naturally forms a certain range of beliefs. In the long river of time, will continue to produce new shrines. These shrines can also have a change of status and belief because of a certain chance. Therefore, it is in the dynamic and static interaction between the development of the temple. Once the shrine is formed, the gods will become the object of public prayer and, in fact, the protector of the people when they are helpless. In this way, the size of the sacrificial activities will flock to, causing a great waste of social wealth. The sacrificial sacrifice to the obscenity shrine often becomes the way to delight oneself, the entertainment also manifests. Although the government will have a different degree of prohibition policy, but always in a very short period of time, more time, or most of the time, there are no strict restrictions on the existence of the obscenity temple. Moreover, the beliefs of the procurers are often inconsistent with the attitude of the government. The relationship between the people and the deities is only for them, and in some legends they also show contempt for the gods. The day-to-day chaperones should be all kinds of temples or temple gods and witches. But in some cases, the participation of local officials will also legalize it, which reflects the interaction between government guidance and the beliefs of the lower classes. It is also one of the concrete manifestations of the difference between the ruling thought and the popular thought. The deity of the shrine has become the psychological need and spiritual support of the people, the spiritual driving force to resolve the contradiction between real life and ideal, and the psychological comfort for the public to engage in practical activities. So it reflects the psychological sense of belonging of the lower class.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K234;K235

【引证文献】