《周礼》所见地方行政组织考察
发布时间：2018-07-13 10:09
【摘要】： 周代是地方行政组织体系逐渐确立、完善的历史时期,形成了后世地方行政组织的雏形。周代地方行政组织的发展、演变经历了三个重要的历史阶段:第一个阶段是西周初期,在这个阶段中,地域性质的乡里组织已经出现,但只作为地方行政事务的辅助性组织而存在,血缘性质的宗族组织实际上承担了地方行政的职能。第二个阶段是西周中期以后,血缘组织和地缘组织并行的阶段。随着井田制度的弊端逐渐暴露,历史的发展要求地缘组织的行政职能逐渐加强,最终形成了凌驾于宗族组织之上的权力机构,但宗族组织仍然在地方行政事务中起到重要作用。第三个阶段是春秋战国时期,这是地方行政组织体系逐渐确立的历史时期。在这个阶段中,井田制度逐渐瓦解,同时经过各诸侯国的改革,宗族组织最终退出了行政管理职能的历史舞台,以地缘组织为主的地方行政组织体系逐步确立起来。 《周礼》在“体国经野”的指导思想之下,以乡遂分治,确立了一个十分系统的地方行政组织体系。将《周礼》与其他先秦文献和古文字、简帛等资料相比照发现,其所言并非向壁虚造,而确是有其真实的历史依据。《周礼》作者以周王室档案为底本,参照了春秋战国时期各诸侯国地方行政体制的实际情况,揉和了西周、春秋、战国各个阶段的地方管理体制,其中某些地方行政管理机构甚至可以追溯得更远。《周礼》乡遂之中的各级地方行政组织基本都可以找到其原型。本文拟以《周礼》中所记载的地方行政组织为研究对象,考察各级地方行政组织在两周时期的发展脉络。并力图从《周礼》出发而又不囿于《周礼》,将视野放之于周代的大环境之中对地方行政组织进行系统地考察。 全文主要分为三个大部分: 第一部分:绪论。回顾和综述本课题已有的研究成果,并对本课题的写作缘由、研究空间、研究目标及研究思路等相关问题加以阐明。 第二部分:包括本文的第一章到第三章,对于《周礼》中所记载的乡、遂各级地方行政组织以及都鄙之中的丘和邑分别进行考察、研究,梳理各级地方行政组织的初期形态及其发展和演变,力图确立一个周代地方行政组织体系的发展脉络。 第三部分:包括本文的第四章到第六章,对地方行政组织的职能进行考察。 最后,结语将对本文的研究内容作一总结,进一步阐述本文的研究结论。
[Abstract]:Zhou Dynasty was the historical period when the system of local administrative organizations was gradually established and perfected, forming the embryonic form of local administrative organizations of later generations. The development of local administrative organizations in the Zhou Dynasty experienced three important historical stages: the first stage was the early Western Zhou Dynasty, in which local organizations of a regional nature had emerged. But only as the auxiliary organization of the local administrative affairs, the consanguinity clan organization actually assumed the function of the local administration. The second stage was the parallel phase of blood organization and geographical organization after the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty. With the abuse of the minefield system exposed gradually, the development of history requires the geographical organization's administrative function to be strengthened gradually, and finally formed the power organization which is superior to the clan organization, but the clan organization still plays an important role in the local administrative affairs. The third stage is the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, which is the historical period of the gradual establishment of the local administrative organization system. In this stage, the system of mine field gradually disintegrated, at the same time, after the reform of various countries, clan organizations finally withdrew from the historical stage of administrative functions. The local administrative organization system, which is dominated by geographical organization, has been gradually established. Under the guiding ideology of "the state and the state", the local administrative organization system has been established by the division of the township and the division of the township, and a very systematic system of local administrative organization has been established. Comparing the "Zhou Li" with other documents of the pre-Qin period, ancient Chinese characters, silk and other materials, it is found that what it says is not false to the wall, but has its true historical basis. The author of the "Zhou Li" takes the archives of the Zhou royal family as the base. Referring to the actual situation of the local administrative system of the various states in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, the local administrative system of the Western Zhou, the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period was combined. Some of them can be traced back even further. Local administrative organizations at all levels in the villages can basically find their prototypes. This paper takes the local administrative organizations recorded in Zhou Li as the research object to investigate the development of local administrative organizations at all levels during the two-week period. And tries hard to proceed from "Zhou Li" but not confined to "Zhou Li", put the vision in the Zhou Dynasty environment to carry on the systematic investigation to the local administrative organization. The full text is divided into three main parts: the first part: introduction. This paper reviews and summarizes the existing research results of this subject, and expounds the writing reasons, research space, research objectives and research ideas of this subject. The second part: including the first to the third chapters of this article, for the "Zhou Li" recorded in the township, the local administrative organizations at all levels as well as the du despicable Qiu and Yi, respectively, Combing the initial forms of local administrative organizations at all levels and their development and evolution, trying to establish a Zhou Dynasty local administrative organization system development context. The third part: including the fourth to sixth chapters of this article, the functions of local administrative organizations are investigated. Finally, the conclusion will summarize the research content of this paper, and further elaborate the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K221;D691.2
本文编号：2119002
[Abstract]:Zhou Dynasty was the historical period when the system of local administrative organizations was gradually established and perfected, forming the embryonic form of local administrative organizations of later generations. The development of local administrative organizations in the Zhou Dynasty experienced three important historical stages: the first stage was the early Western Zhou Dynasty, in which local organizations of a regional nature had emerged. But only as the auxiliary organization of the local administrative affairs, the consanguinity clan organization actually assumed the function of the local administration. The second stage was the parallel phase of blood organization and geographical organization after the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty. With the abuse of the minefield system exposed gradually, the development of history requires the geographical organization's administrative function to be strengthened gradually, and finally formed the power organization which is superior to the clan organization, but the clan organization still plays an important role in the local administrative affairs. The third stage is the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, which is the historical period of the gradual establishment of the local administrative organization system. In this stage, the system of mine field gradually disintegrated, at the same time, after the reform of various countries, clan organizations finally withdrew from the historical stage of administrative functions. The local administrative organization system, which is dominated by geographical organization, has been gradually established. Under the guiding ideology of "the state and the state", the local administrative organization system has been established by the division of the township and the division of the township, and a very systematic system of local administrative organization has been established. Comparing the "Zhou Li" with other documents of the pre-Qin period, ancient Chinese characters, silk and other materials, it is found that what it says is not false to the wall, but has its true historical basis. The author of the "Zhou Li" takes the archives of the Zhou royal family as the base. Referring to the actual situation of the local administrative system of the various states in the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, the local administrative system of the Western Zhou, the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period was combined. Some of them can be traced back even further. Local administrative organizations at all levels in the villages can basically find their prototypes. This paper takes the local administrative organizations recorded in Zhou Li as the research object to investigate the development of local administrative organizations at all levels during the two-week period. And tries hard to proceed from "Zhou Li" but not confined to "Zhou Li", put the vision in the Zhou Dynasty environment to carry on the systematic investigation to the local administrative organization. The full text is divided into three main parts: the first part: introduction. This paper reviews and summarizes the existing research results of this subject, and expounds the writing reasons, research space, research objectives and research ideas of this subject. The second part: including the first to the third chapters of this article, for the "Zhou Li" recorded in the township, the local administrative organizations at all levels as well as the du despicable Qiu and Yi, respectively, Combing the initial forms of local administrative organizations at all levels and their development and evolution, trying to establish a Zhou Dynasty local administrative organization system development context. The third part: including the fourth to sixth chapters of this article, the functions of local administrative organizations are investigated. Finally, the conclusion will summarize the research content of this paper, and further elaborate the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K221;D691.2
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 刘芮方;周代爵制研究[D];东北师范大学;2011年
，本文编号：2119002
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