唐代盐业地理
发布时间:2018-07-22 17:09
【摘要】: 本文从地理空间的角度对唐代盐业重新进行定位思考。研究内容主要包括盐产格局、行销范围、盐业政策的区域差异及管理机构布局等地理问题。 本文首先对唐代主要盐产地进行了详细的考证。与前人的研究不同,本文考证的特色是将各产地唐代以前的盐产沿革一一列出,使读者清晰该产地的历史发展脉络。其次,本文还修订了一些前人错误的说法,补充了前人遗漏的盐产地点,对于有争论的说法,也表述了自己的观点。特别是利用州县沿革的考订,明确了不同史料中不同州县名下的盐产地实为一处的情况多起。 根据考证的成果,本文分析了唐代盐产格局。探讨自汉至唐、以及唐代内部盐产格局的演变,并根据池盐、海盐、井盐各自的生产和消费特点,分别从自然环境、军事经略、交通格局、区域发展等角度寻求盐产格局变化的原因。文章在此处就三个问题做了创新性阐述,它们包括:一,根据自然地理评价指标论述内陆池盐产盐方式的时空差异问题;二,总结出海盐产地区位选择的历史演变规律;三,就唐末史料中出现众多井盐产地记录的情况,本文经过论证发现,它们中的大多数并非唐代中后期才出现,而很有可能在唐初就已有盐业生产。文章还分析了安史之乱以后中央政府和地方藩镇对各地盐产资源的掌控状况。 针对唐代食盐销界的问题,本文进行了空间层面的论证。首先借助现存史料恢复了唐代各行盐销区边界。其次从产需的角度分析了这种界分是否合理,论证分为三步,此为前人研究所无:第一步是估测各地盐产水平,针对唐代各区域盐产数据不全的特征,借助盐利换算盐产、相近地区盐产数据的横向对比以及同一地区宋代盐产数据的纵向回归等三种方法,估算出唐中后期各销区内部盐产总量,其中,在以盐利换算盐产的过程中,还重点考虑到了唐代虚实估对计算结果的影响;第二步借助现有史料中的太平兴国户数,经过一定的数据处理后,对唐代中后期各地的食盐需求做出大致判断;第三步根据上面两组数据,计算出各销区户均盐产占有量的区位熵,结合熵值判断史料所描述的行盐界分的合理性,销界变更的动力以及越界销售的原因。之后,本文还建立了另外三种模式论述越界销售问题,分别是边境成本势差模式、边境强势市场模式、市场传递模式。凭借现有的唐代交通地理研究成果,本文还对支撑销界的交通路线进行了介绍。 本文最后重点论述唐代盐业政策的区域差异和管理机构的地理布局问题。在唐代前期盐利“与众共之”的大背景下分析各地盐业政策的差别,提出了池盐、井盐、海盐、北方盐屯各自的生产管理特点和税收政策。分析专卖法实行后各地专卖机构设置的差异以及布局特征。由于地方专卖机构职能、布局与中央财政政策息息相关,本节突出以中央财政体系转变为主线展开论述。特别提出从建中年间到唐末巡院空间格局的变化主要原因在于其职能的演变,其中盐铁巡院和度支巡院又有不同。
[Abstract]:This paper replaces the salt industry in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of geographical space. The main contents include the salt production pattern, the marketing range, the regional differences in the salt policy and the layout of the management organization.
This paper first makes a detailed examination of the main salt producing areas of the Tang Dynasty. Different from previous studies, the textual textual feature is to list the origin of salt production before the Tang Dynasty, and make readers clear the historical development of the origin. Secondly, this paper also revised some previous misstatements, supplemented the site of salt production that had been omitted by the predecessors. As for the arguments that have been disputed, it has also expressed his own views. In particular, it is clear that the salt producing areas under the names of different states and counties in different historical materials are more than one in different historical data.
According to the results of the textual research, this paper analyzes the salt production pattern in the Tang Dynasty, and discusses the evolution of the salt production pattern from Han to Tang Dynasties and the internal salt production in the Tang Dynasty. According to the characteristics of the production and consumption of the salt, sea salt and well salt, the reasons for the change of salt production pattern are found from the natural environment, military strategy, traffic pattern and regional development. The article is here three An innovative exposition is made, which include: first, the spatial and temporal differences in salt production methods of inland pool salt are discussed according to the index of natural geography evaluation; two, the historical evolution law of regional selection of sea salt production is summed up; and three, there are numerous records of well salt production records in the historical materials at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the majority of them have been found to have found the majority of them. It was not in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but it was likely to have salt production in the early Tang Dynasty. The article also analyzed the state of control of the salt production resources by the central government and the local government after the rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty.
In view of the problem of the Salt marketing boundary of the Tang Dynasty, this paper has carried out the demonstration of the spatial level. First, the boundary of salt sales areas in the Tang Dynasty is restored with the help of the existing historical materials. Secondly, the rationality of this boundary is analyzed from the angle of production and demand, and the argument is divided into three steps. This is not the previous study: the first step is to estimate the salt production level in various regions and to deal with the salt production in the Tang Dynasty. With the characteristics of incomplete data, three methods are used to estimate the total amount of salt production in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with the help of salt production, the horizontal comparison of salt production data in the same area and the vertical regression of the salt production data in the same area. In the process of salt conversion, the calculation results are also considered. The second step is to make a general judgment on the demand for salt in all parts of the middle and late Tang Dynasty with the help of the number of Taiping Xingguo's accounts in the existing historical data, and the third step, according to the above two sets of data, to calculate the location entropy of the share of salt production in each area, and to judge the reasonableness of the salt boundary division described by the historical data in combination with the entropy. The driving force of the change of the marketing boundary and the cause of the transboundary sales. After that, the article also sets up three other modes to discuss the problem of cross border sales, which are the pattern of the border cost potential difference, the strong border market model, the market transfer mode, and the existing transportation geography research results of the Tang Dynasty.
At the end of this paper, the regional differences of salt policy in the Tang Dynasty and the geographical distribution of the management institutions are emphatically discussed. In the background of the salt profit "and the public" in the early period of the Tang Dynasty, the differences in salt policy are analyzed, and the production management characteristics and tax policies of the salt, well salt, sea salt and Northern salt are put forward. The differences and layout features of the monopolization institutions are closely related to the functions of the local monopoly institutions and the central financial policy. This section focuses on the transformation of the central financial system into the main line. The main reasons for the change of the spatial pattern from Jianzhong to the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty are the evolution of its functions, including the salt and iron patrol yard and the development of its function. The degree branch patrol hospital is different again.
【学位授予单位】:北京大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2008
【分类号】:K242
本文编号:2138169
[Abstract]:This paper replaces the salt industry in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of geographical space. The main contents include the salt production pattern, the marketing range, the regional differences in the salt policy and the layout of the management organization.
This paper first makes a detailed examination of the main salt producing areas of the Tang Dynasty. Different from previous studies, the textual textual feature is to list the origin of salt production before the Tang Dynasty, and make readers clear the historical development of the origin. Secondly, this paper also revised some previous misstatements, supplemented the site of salt production that had been omitted by the predecessors. As for the arguments that have been disputed, it has also expressed his own views. In particular, it is clear that the salt producing areas under the names of different states and counties in different historical materials are more than one in different historical data.
According to the results of the textual research, this paper analyzes the salt production pattern in the Tang Dynasty, and discusses the evolution of the salt production pattern from Han to Tang Dynasties and the internal salt production in the Tang Dynasty. According to the characteristics of the production and consumption of the salt, sea salt and well salt, the reasons for the change of salt production pattern are found from the natural environment, military strategy, traffic pattern and regional development. The article is here three An innovative exposition is made, which include: first, the spatial and temporal differences in salt production methods of inland pool salt are discussed according to the index of natural geography evaluation; two, the historical evolution law of regional selection of sea salt production is summed up; and three, there are numerous records of well salt production records in the historical materials at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the majority of them have been found to have found the majority of them. It was not in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but it was likely to have salt production in the early Tang Dynasty. The article also analyzed the state of control of the salt production resources by the central government and the local government after the rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty.
In view of the problem of the Salt marketing boundary of the Tang Dynasty, this paper has carried out the demonstration of the spatial level. First, the boundary of salt sales areas in the Tang Dynasty is restored with the help of the existing historical materials. Secondly, the rationality of this boundary is analyzed from the angle of production and demand, and the argument is divided into three steps. This is not the previous study: the first step is to estimate the salt production level in various regions and to deal with the salt production in the Tang Dynasty. With the characteristics of incomplete data, three methods are used to estimate the total amount of salt production in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with the help of salt production, the horizontal comparison of salt production data in the same area and the vertical regression of the salt production data in the same area. In the process of salt conversion, the calculation results are also considered. The second step is to make a general judgment on the demand for salt in all parts of the middle and late Tang Dynasty with the help of the number of Taiping Xingguo's accounts in the existing historical data, and the third step, according to the above two sets of data, to calculate the location entropy of the share of salt production in each area, and to judge the reasonableness of the salt boundary division described by the historical data in combination with the entropy. The driving force of the change of the marketing boundary and the cause of the transboundary sales. After that, the article also sets up three other modes to discuss the problem of cross border sales, which are the pattern of the border cost potential difference, the strong border market model, the market transfer mode, and the existing transportation geography research results of the Tang Dynasty.
At the end of this paper, the regional differences of salt policy in the Tang Dynasty and the geographical distribution of the management institutions are emphatically discussed. In the background of the salt profit "and the public" in the early period of the Tang Dynasty, the differences in salt policy are analyzed, and the production management characteristics and tax policies of the salt, well salt, sea salt and Northern salt are put forward. The differences and layout features of the monopolization institutions are closely related to the functions of the local monopoly institutions and the central financial policy. This section focuses on the transformation of the central financial system into the main line. The main reasons for the change of the spatial pattern from Jianzhong to the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty are the evolution of its functions, including the salt and iron patrol yard and the development of its function. The degree branch patrol hospital is different again.
【学位授予单位】:北京大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2008
【分类号】:K242
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 马洪远;内蒙古食盐产地分布和变迁研究[D];湘潭大学;2011年
2 任记国;唐代浙江西道研究[D];浙江大学;2009年
3 孙海亮;中晚唐至五代时期盐价问题研究[D];黑龙江大学;2012年
,本文编号:2138169
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