明代士大夫的忠孝观念及其行为实践

发布时间：2018-08-02 21:37

【摘要】：明代士大夫的忠孝观念,尽管所涉甚多,然究其要者,则当包括以下四个方面:一是忠与孝的关系,即究竟是忠孝不能两全,还是忠孝可以合一;二是忠臣孝子的精神史源流,即孟子所言的大丈夫"浩然之气",与忠臣孝子之间存在着何种传承关系,以及忠臣孝子所具的侠义精神;三是忠孝的名实之辨,即从名副其实的"愚忠"实践者与名不副实的沽名钓誉者两个侧面,对忠孝观念重加论定;四是在整个明代社会变动的背景下,忠孝观念开始出现诸多的转向。从明代很多忠臣的表现来看,无不体现出一种"愚忠"。一个"愚"字,似乎证明他们的行为实践,并非出于理性的自我,而是出于外来精神压力之下的被动接受。
[Abstract]:The concept of loyalty and filial piety of the literati and officials of the Ming Dynasty, although it involves a lot of issues, should include the following four aspects: first, the relationship between loyalty and filial piety, that is, whether loyalty and filial piety can be integrated, or whether loyalty and filial piety can be combined; the second is the origin of the spiritual history of loyalty and filial piety. That is, what kind of inheritance relationship exists between Mencius' great husband and loyal minister and filial son, and the chivalrous spirit of loyalty and filial piety; third, the distinction between the name and truth of loyalty and filial piety, That is, from the two sides of the practice of "foolish loyalty" and those who are not worthy of their names, the concept of loyalty and filial piety should be re-determined; fourthly, under the background of the social changes of the whole Ming Dynasty, the concept of loyalty and filial piety has begun to appear many turns. From the performance of many loyal officials in Ming Dynasty, all reflect a kind of "foolish loyalty". The word "folly" seems to prove that their actions are not motivated by rational self, but by passive acceptance under external spiritual pressure.
【作者单位】：西南大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：2009年度国家社会科学基金项目“天潢贵胄的心智结构:明代宗室群体心态、文化素养及价值观研究”(09BZS012),项目负责人:张明富
【分类号】：K248

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