北魏官吏收入与监察机制

发布时间：2018-08-12 16:31

【摘要】： 本课题是一个探讨该时期官吏经济生活状况及相应政治措施的专门课题，旨在通过对相关问题的系统研究，尽可能地揭示各级官吏不同经济来源的真相及与当时政治的关系，认知影响其经济收入的行政监督机制的得失，同时昭示其学术价值和当代意义。通过研究，指出当时官吏收入由于受统治者民族和社会性质的影响，经历了一个从无序到有序的过程：其在前期长期无俸禄，与国家财政状况无关，而是受其统治者传统习惯影响的结果。当时官吏收入来源于非经常性的班赏、掠夺、廪给，实际生活水平差距很大，贪赃枉法被允许，都与当时制度有关。至献文、孝文二帝时期班行了俸禄制，不仅使各级官吏获得了前所未有的帛、粟、土地和劳动力等多种名目的实物俸禄，解决了长期以来吏制败坏的根本问题，同时还使这一制度作为北魏统治者从游牧经济渐次依附于农业经济的表征和孝文改制的基础屹立于当时政治制度之林，具有不容忽视的作用。同时，在这一制度之下，官吏收入以实物为主，且中央和地方、高级和低级官吏有别，其间所存在的差距远较前后各朝为甚，反映了当时等级制度和民族界限的严重存在。至于那些身有国封的官吏，从封地上所获得的爵禄数量则相对有限，说明封爵的经济作用远在政治意义之下。尽管如此，在其俸禄制度健全起来以后，官吏收入基本得到保障，传统“禄以代耕”原则也发挥了作用，，与之相应的防范官吏贪污措施与监督机制也逐步完善，说明经济发展和社会的进步应是保证官吏收入和吏治清明的两大前提，而制度的健全则是在这些前提下约束官吏行为的政治保证。上述这些，都是我们从事本课题研究所得到的具有现实意义的启示。
[Abstract]:This topic is a special topic to discuss the economic life and the corresponding political measures of the officials in this period, aiming at the systematic study of the related problems. To reveal as much as possible the truth of the different economic sources of officials at all levels and their relationship with politics at that time, and to recognize the gains and losses of the administrative supervision mechanism that affects their economic income. At the same time show its academic value and contemporary significance. Through the research, it is pointed out that the official income at that time went through a process from disorder to order because of the influence of the national and social nature of the ruler: it had no salary for a long time in the early period. It has nothing to do with the state's finances, but is the result of the traditional customs of its rulers. At that time, the official income came from the non-regular class reward, plunder, barns, real living standard difference is very big, corruption is allowed to pervert the law, all related to the system at that time. At the time of offering the article, when Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Ban carried out the salary system, not only did the officials at all levels get unprecedented silk, but also millet. The real income of land and labor, and so on, has solved the fundamental problem of the deterioration of the official system for a long time. At the same time, it also made this system as the symbol of the gradual dependence of nomadic economy on agricultural economy and the foundation of filial piety reform in the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The forest of degrees, It can't be ignored. At the same time, under this system, the income of officials was mainly in kind, and the difference between central and local, senior and low-level officials was far greater than that of the former and the former. It reflects the serious existence of grade system and national boundary at that time. As for those officials, the number of emoluments obtained from the feudal land is relatively limited, indicating that the economic role of the title is far below the political significance. Nevertheless, after the system of salaries and salaries was perfected, the income of officials was basically protected, and the traditional principle of "farming by means of emoluments" also played a role. The corresponding measures to prevent official corruption and the supervision mechanism have also been gradually improved. It shows that economic development and social progress should be the two major prerequisites for the income of officials and the Qingming of officials. The perfection of system is the political guarantee to restrain the behavior of officials under these premises. All of these are the practical implications of our research on this subject.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K239.21

【引证文献】