从王学护法到汉学开山——毛奇龄学说形象递变与近代学术演进

发布时间：2018-09-03 10:39

【摘要】：清学史叙述中毛奇龄多被描述为清代汉学开山,这更多是后人认识叠加之产物,而非事实。毛氏学术形象,历经数变,见证近代学术演进之大势。与毛氏同时学人,多视其为王学护法,这与其本人抱负相符。降至乾隆时,学人却一边倒地倾向其经学,多从负面角度立论,毫无引为前导之意。至嘉庆时,阮元、焦循联袂推重毛氏,尊为清代经学开山,一改乾隆时学人之见。阮元、焦循之举,意在纠正由惠栋所开而风靡当时之汉学习气,在当时鲜有同道。稍后方东树撰《汉学商兑》,从反向角度树立毛奇龄攻宋学(本意乃从王学立场攻宋)之汉学开山形象,不仅影响后人追溯汉学开始之事实,亦替汉宋之争这一后见助力。如此辨章学术,可助厘清毛氏学说之本意及后世认识迁转,显现近代学术思想发展之线索与脉络。
[Abstract]:In the narration of the history of Qing Dynasty, Mao Qiling was described as the beginning of the Han studies in the Qing Dynasty, which was more the product of the superposition of the later generations than the fact. Mao's academic image, after several changes, witnessed the general trend of modern academic evolution. And Mao at the same time, more to see it as the law of Wang, this is in line with his own aspirations. Down to Qianlong, the scholar inclines to his study in a one-sided way, and argues from a negative point of view, without any prelude. To Jiaqing, Ruan Yuan, Jiao-Rui Mou heavy Mao, respected for the Qing Dynasty Confucian classics, a change when Qianlong scholar's view. Ruan Yuan, Jiao's move, intended to correct Huidong and popular Han learning atmosphere, at that time few of the same way. Later Fang Dongshu wrote "Sinology Shang du" and set up the image of Mao Qiling attacking Song School from a reverse angle (the original intention was to attack Song Dynasty from the standpoint of Wang Xue), which not only affected the fact that Sinology began to be traced back to later generations, but also helped to help the Han and Song dynasties. It can help to clarify the original meaning of Mao's theory and the change of understanding in later generations, and show the clue and vein of the development of modern academic thought.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“学海堂与近代汉宋关系”(13YJC770062) 国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“学海堂与汉宋学之浙粤递嬗”(13FZS008)
【分类号】：B249;K249

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