秦汉魏晋南北朝时期家族、宗族关系研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 07:40

【摘要】： 家族、宗族关系是中国古代社会基本的社会关系之一。探明秦汉魏晋南北朝时期家族、宗族与社会生活的关系，既有助于中国家族、宗族制度史的总体研究，也有助于拓宽和加深秦汉魏晋南北朝断代史研究的广度和深度。本文在前人研究的基础上，利用大量的传世历史文献和出土文书、碑刻等实证资料，采取综合研究和个案研究、定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法，主要从家庭结构、居住关系、家族关系与社会生活、宗族关系与社会生活以及家族、宗族关系对社会的影响五个方面对秦汉魏晋南北朝时期的家族、宗族关系的基本状况作了较为全面、客观、深入、系统的研究。正文共分五章：第一章秦汉魏晋南北朝时期家庭结构本章为家族、宗族关系研究的逻辑起点。本章从出土文书资料、历史文献中同居的典型事例以及全国户口统计资料入手，对这一时期的家庭结构进行了考察。最后得出结论：五口之家的核心小家庭是这段时期内家庭结构的主体形式，同居共财的主干家庭和联合家庭在社会实际生活中很少见。经推算，一般意义上的大家庭在实际生活中最多只有百分之十左右，百口之家最多不过百分之一二，至于数百口之家或四、五世同居之家更为凤毛麟角。第二章乡里社区内家族、宗族聚居与异姓杂居本章为家族、宗族关系研究的前提。通过对乡里社区内各家各姓的财产分析继承、家族宗族繁衍趋势的分析，辅以散见于历史文献中的乡里姓氏分布和碑刻、出土文书中的户籍资料等实证论据，得出结论：秦汉魏晋南北朝时期乡里社区内的居住形式通常为家族、宗族成员相对集中居住与异姓杂居同时并存，两者互不排斥。其中，文章又对“聚族而居”与家族、宗族聚居进行了辨析，认为这一时期真正的“聚族而居”很罕见。第三章秦汉魏晋南北朝时期家族关系与社会生活本章首先从礼制和律令的角度对家族制度进行了分析。礼制对家族制度的规定体现在社会生活的各个方面，主要包括对婚姻、生日寿辰、继承、丧葬、祭祀等活动的具体规定：律令对家族制度的规定包括对家族内部关系的维护、家族连坐之法和恩荫制度的规定。家族关系在法律上表现为祸福相及。家族成论文摘要员的日常活动就是在礼和律的双重制约下进行着。通过对文献记载中所见大量具体事例的分析归纳，认为这一时期家族成员在社会生活方面的互动主要表现为：经济生活中的养老、侍寡、抚孤、济贫、让财、散财，政治生活中的提携帮助、任命家族中人任军政要职、恩荫亲属、政治赦者，以及文化教育方面的教授和劝勉近亲子弟等。由此得出基本结论：秦汉魏晋南北朝时期的家族活动基本上都是在家族观念的支配下进行着，反映出当时社会上多数人的家族观念较为浓厚，但家族观念较为淡漠的情况也存在。第四章秦汉魏晋南北朝时期宗族关系与社会生活本章首先阐述了宗族关系的社会功能。与家族关系相比照，宗族关系在社会经济、政治、文化生活中的功能体现得并不明显，宗族成员间在社会生活方面的联系远不及家族关系密切。由此得出结论：在当时社会上，宗族观念表现为一般不浓厚，宗族成员之间的关系普遍较为淡薄，甚至视同路人。在这一章我们又对宗族观念的更高一层体现——宗族组织进行了考察。通过对这一时期宗族组织外显形式的存在情况的研究，发现这一时期宗族合族进行祭把的活动很罕见，修谱重大宗族活动虽有，但多限于士族。宗族公有财产尚未见，制约宗族行为关系的族法宗规也未制定，宋以后发展起来的饲堂、族产、族规等标志宗族组织的主要特征皆不具备。因此得出结论：这一时期宗族组织制度还未普遍建立，，宗族组织仍很少见或者说组织不严密。而战乱时期的宗族活动则呈现出了与相对和平时期截然不同的组织特征。战乱时期，人们的宗族观念显得较为浓厚，宗族关系也较和平时期显得密切而重要。第五章秦汉魏晋南北朝时期家族、宗族关系对社会的影响本章探讨了家族、宗族关系与外部社会的关系。研究表明：家族、宗族关系对社会的影响广泛而深远，涉及政治、经济和文化等诸多方面，具有两面性。附论部分对士族、庶族与家族、宗族的关系和家族、宗族与所谓的“庄园制”的关系进行了辨析。
[Abstract]:Family and clan relations are one of the basic social relations in ancient China.
The relationship between clan, clan and social life in the early dynasties helped both the Chinese family and the history of clan system.
The study also helps broaden and deepen the breadth and depth of the study of dynastic history in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties.
On the basis of previous studies, a large number of historical documents and unearthed documents, inscriptions and other empirical data were used.
Comprehensive research and case studies, quantitative research and qualitative research are adopted, mainly from family ties.
Structure, residential relationship, family relationship and social life, clan relations and social life, family and clan relations.
The influence of five aspects on the family and clan relations in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.
A comprehensive, objective, in-depth and systematic study has been made. The text is divided into five chapters.
Chapter 1 family structure in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties
This chapter is the logical starting point for the study of family and clan relations.
With the typical examples of Chinese cohabitation and national household registration statistics, the family structure of this period has been carried out.
Finally, we conclude that the core family of five families is the main form of family structure in this period.
The main family and the combined family living together are rare in the real life of society.
The large family in meaning is only about ten percent in real life, and the largest family in 100 families is 100%.
One or two, as for hundreds of families or four or 5, cohabitation homes are even more rare.
The second chapter is the family in the rural community, the clans living together with the different surnames.
This chapter is the premise of the study of family and clan relations.
Analysis of succession, the trend of family clan reproduction, supplemented by the distribution of rural surnames scattered in historical documents.
Inscription, unearthed documents, household registration data and other empirical evidence, concluded: Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties Township
The living style in Li community is usually family, and the clan members are relatively concentrated and live in different communities.
The two articles do not exclude each other. Among them, the article distinguishes the "gathering of people" and the family and clan settlement.
It is considered that the real "gathering of people" in this period is rare.
The third chapter: family relationship and social life in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.
This chapter first analyzes the family system from the angle of etiquette and law.
The rules are embodied in every aspect of social life, including marriage, birthday, inheritance, and funeral.
The specific provisions of sacrifices and other activities: the regulations on family system include the maintenance of family internal relations.
The law of family succession and the system of grace and shade. The family relationship is manifested by the law of fortune and fortune.
Abstract of paper
The daily activities of members are carried out under the Dual Restriction of ritual and law.
The analysis and induction of specific cases show that the interaction of family members in social life in this period is mainly manifested.
For: in the economic life, the old age, the widows, the orphans, the poor, the wealth, the money in the political life.
To help appoint the family members to serve as important military and political posts, relatives and political amnesty, and cultural education.
The following conclusions are drawn: family activities in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.
Basically, under the domination of family concept, it reflects the family concept of most people at that time.
Relatively strong, but the family concept is relatively indifferent.
The fourth chapter is about the clan relationship and social life in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.
This chapter first expounds the social functions of clan relations.
The functions of economic, political and cultural life are not obvious.
The conclusion is that in the society at that time, the patriarchal clan concept was manifested.
Generally speaking, the relationship between the clan members is generally weak, even to the same people.
In this chapter, we also examine the patriarchal clan organization.
By studying the existence of the explicit forms of clan organizations in this period, we found that the clans in this period were
The activities of offering sacrifices are rare. Although there are many major clan activities, they are mostly restricted to the clan.
The family rules and regulations that have not yet been seen and restrict the relationship between clan behaviors have not been formulated.
The main characteristics of clan organizations, such as clan and clan rules, are not available.
The system of ethnic organizations has not been established yet. Clan organizations are still rare or incoherent.
The patriarchal clan activities showed different organizational characteristics from the relative peace period.
The concept of patriarchal clan appears strong, and clan relationship is more important and more important than peace.
The fifth chapter is about the influence of clan and clan relationship on society in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.
This chapter explores the relationship between family, clan relationship and external society.
The influence of the Department on society is extensive and far-reaching, and involves many aspects, such as politics, economy and culture.
Sex.
The appendix discusses the relationship between the clan, clan and clan, clan, clan and so called "manor".
The relationship between the system and the system was analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K232;K235

【引证文献】