明成化时期的犯罪研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 17:23

【摘要】：成化朝是明代历史进程中的一个转折时期，对理解明朝历史有重要意义。犯罪是社会现实的产物，是通过个体的具体犯罪行为表现出来的社会现象。因此，犯罪现象是透视社会现实和社会发展的最好视角之一。因此，本文以成化时期的犯罪为研究对象，从犯罪角度去解析这一时期的时代特点。根据《大明律》中的规定，结合对史料的分析，本文将明成化时期的犯罪分为谋反、叛逆罪、思想言论罪、侵犯财产犯罪、经济犯罪、侵犯人身及相关权利罪、职务犯罪、破坏家庭伦理罪等七种类型。在所有犯罪类型中，财产犯罪和经济犯罪显得尤为突出，这一点与普通民众成为一般犯罪主体以及犯罪具有不可控性是成化时期犯罪的三大特点。使成化时期犯罪具有如此特点的社会背景主要体现在五个方面：商品经济的发展、政治调控的式微、权威的失坠、社会风气的活化和灾荒频仍。成化时期犯罪虽然具有一般犯罪破坏社会秩序、使社会走向无序的消极影响，，但其使社会解禁、促使社会法规、制度完善、促进海外贸易等积极作用也不容忽视。分析成化时期的犯罪，也就是探究成化时期到底出现了哪些新事物、新观念、新潮流。成化时期社会在各方面都有所解放，呈发展态势，但这种发展并非统治者的理性思考和努力经营得来的，而是沿着固有惯性在前进。因此社会在发展的同时也陷入了混乱。造成这种混乱局面的主要原因是政治上的无为。政治对因经济发展引发的社会变化没有或不能作出积极反映。这注定了这个时代不可能将中国引入近代社会。由此我们也可以反思晚明的社会转型问题。晚明虽然经济上呈现出诸多向近代转型的特征，但政治上远没有向近代转型的迹象，政治依然在沿着传统的轨迹前进。正因为如此，满清入关，便很容易将晚明的那种风气逆转过来，建立起了一个正宗的传统王朝。
[Abstract]:The Chenghua Dynasty is a turning point in the history of Ming Dynasty, which is of great significance to understand the history of Ming Dynasty. Crime is the product of social reality and a social phenomenon manifested by individual criminal behavior. Therefore, crime is one of the best perspectives of social reality and social development. Therefore, this paper takes the crime of Chenghua period as the research object and analyzes the characteristics of this period from the angle of crime. According to the provisions of "Daming Law" and the analysis of historical data, this article divides the crimes in Ming Chenghua period into conspiracy, treason, ideological and speech crimes, crimes against property, economic crimes, crimes of infringing persons and related rights, crimes of duty crimes. There are seven types of crimes against family ethics. Among all the types of crimes, property crime and economic crime are especially prominent, which is the three characteristics of crime in the age of becoming ordinary people, and the crime is not controllable. The social background of the crime in the age of Chenghua is mainly reflected in five aspects: the development of commodity economy, the decline of political control, the fall of authority, the activation of social atmosphere and the frequent famine. Although the crime of Cheng Hua period has the negative influence of general crime to destroy the social order and make the society go to disorder, but it also can not be ignored because of its positive effects such as lifting the ban of the society, promoting the improvement of the social laws and regulations, improving the system and promoting the overseas trade. The analysis of crime in Chenghua period is to explore what new things, new ideas and new trends appear in the period of Cheng Hua. During the period of Chenghua, the society was liberated in all aspects, showing a trend of development, but this kind of development was not the rational thinking and hard management of the rulers, but was advancing along the inherent inertia. Therefore, the development of society at the same time also fell into chaos. The main cause of this confusion is political inaction. Politics does not or cannot respond positively to social changes caused by economic development. This doomed this era will not be able to introduce China into modern society. Therefore, we can also reflect on the social transformation of the late Ming Dynasty. Although the economy of the late Ming Dynasty showed many characteristics of transition to modern times, there was no sign of political transformation to modern times, and politics was still advancing along the traditional path. Because of this, it was easy to reverse the style of the late Ming Dynasty and set up an authentic traditional dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K248

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