东汉时期的两都之争:以班固《两都赋》为例

发布时间：2018-09-12 15:38

【摘要】：在中国古代城市史研究中,汉代是不可阙如的环节。西汉立国之初,基于政治和军事、地理的考虑,定都于长安,但由于关中之地与"暴秦"的历史关联,这一帝都长期难以在政治上获得合法性。与此相比较,洛阳城营建于西周初年,是周王朝的都城,也是周公制礼作乐的地方,这样,长安与洛阳,也就分别成为秦制与周制的象征,所谓的两都之争,则成为国家意识形态论争的表象形式。西汉王朝自武帝始,国家政治日益儒家化,迁都洛阳遂成为儒家士人日益强烈的政治冲动。东汉之后,国家新都定于洛阳,这可视为儒家士人政治理想的实现,但同时却又激起了"关中耆老"的情感反弹。班固的《两都赋》是东汉明帝时期为洛阳辩护的典范文本。在现实层面,这一作品加固了洛阳作为帝都的位置,在观念层面,则全面昭示了汉代儒家理想王城的建制方式。就中国城市史研究而言,它提示人们,中国古代城市的设置和建设,虽然奠基于经济和军事的考虑,但最终却是要在政治、伦理、哲学层面确立正当性。城市作为文化的容器或哲学、政治观念的物态形式,它承担着"器以藏礼"或"以器显礼"的重大使命。
[Abstract]:In the study of ancient Chinese urban history, the Han Dynasty is an indispensable link. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, due to political, military and geographical considerations, the capital was in Changan, but because of the historical connection between Guanzhong and "violent Qin", it was difficult for the emperor to obtain political legitimacy for a long time. Compared with this, Luoyang City was built in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, and also the place where the Zhou public ceremony was performed. In this way, Changan and Luoyang became the symbol of the Qin and Zhou systems, respectively, and the so-called two capital disputes. Then it becomes the appearance form of the state ideology debate. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the national politics became increasingly Confucian, and Luoyang became an increasingly strong political impulse of Confucian scholars. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the new capital of the country was scheduled to Luoyang, which can be regarded as the realization of the political ideal of Confucian scholars, but at the same time it aroused the emotional rebound of "Guanzhong aged". Ban Gu's Fu is a model text for Luoyang in the Ming Emperor period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the practical level, this work reinforced Luoyang's position as the emperor's capital, and at the conceptual level, it showed the way of the ideal imperial city of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. As far as the study of Chinese urban history is concerned, it suggests that the establishment and construction of ancient Chinese cities are based on economic and military considerations, but in the end they should be justified at the political, ethical and philosophical levels. As the container or philosophy of culture and the material form of political concept, the city undertakes the important mission of "hiding the ritual with the instrument" or "showing the ceremony with the instrument".
【作者单位】：北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中国美学与农耕文明”(2010)阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.81;K234.2

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