宋代辟举制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 18:59

【摘要】：辟举作为一项选官制度,其存在的历史相当久长,然而宋代辟举制度则是直接承袭唐代藩镇使府辟署制度发展而来的。因此宋代的辟举制度无论从其制度的规定上,还是在其实际的实施过程中,都是以唐末五代的藩镇辟署制作为前车之鉴。这样,宋代辟举制度就呈现出,只要有悖于中央集权的方面,均为统治者所限制的特点。而这种限制也使得本为“得人”而出现的辟举制度,最终也成为弥漫着“资序”、“资格”的一项僵化的制度。基本上不能实现“不拘一格”选任官员的目的。因此,辟举在整个选官制度中的作用也不能与前代同日而语,随着宋朝的灭亡,辟举作为选官制度中的一种也开始逐渐消亡。从这些方面来看,宋代的辟举基本是一项不值得肯定的制度。宋代立国以来,推行“崇文抑武”的国策,中央政府对唐末五代以来藩镇的削权,使得武人政治走向衰败。在这样的大背景下,宋人的幕府观念也产生了较大的改变,前朝的幕府官成为州郡的僚佐,且幕府的组成与类型也与前代相比发生了较大的变化,同时也出现了前代所无的幕府类型。这些变化都在影响着宋代的辟举制度,使得宋代的辟举制度呈现出不同于前代的特征。随着隋唐帝国的远去,宋代的士人逐渐洗去唐人的浮躁,在以上承孟子自居的条件下,宋人开始思索“士”这个群体本身所应承担的道义和发展方向,这种思索的直接后果就是宋代士人的士风于诸多王朝中显得格外昂扬。这样的士人和这样的士风,对于宋代的影响方方面面,当然也就不可避免的影响到了宋代的辟举制度。在士风的转变和入仕途径扩大的背景之下,使得士人在应辟的态度上和与府主的关系上表现出了一种看似慵懒,实则系心于天下的态度。这也是宋代应辟士人不同于前代士人所显现出的一个新特点。
[Abstract]:As a system of selecting officials, it has a long history. However, the system of opening and raising posts in Song Dynasty is directly inherited from the towns of Tang Dynasty. Therefore, whether from the provisions of its system, or in the actual implementation process, the Song Dynasty is based on the last five dynasties of the creation of the town office as a lesson. In this way, the Song Dynasty system presented, as long as contrary to the centralization of power, are limited by the characteristics of the rulers. But this restriction also causes the original "obtains the person" the system which appears, finally also becomes permeates "the capital order", "the qualification" a rigid system. Basically can not achieve the goal of "unrestrained" selection of officials. Therefore, the role of the post election system can not be the same as the previous generation, with the death of the Song Dynasty, as one of the official election system gradually died out. From these aspects, the Song Dynasty's initiative is basically a system that is not worthy of affirmation. Since the founding of the Song Dynasty, the state policy of "worshipping literature and suppressing military force" and the power of the central government over the towns since the end of the Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties have led to the decline of the Wu people's politics. Against such a background, the concept of the shogunate of the Song people also changed greatly. The former shogunate officials became state county assistants, and the composition and type of the shogunate also changed greatly compared with the previous generation. At the same time, there is also a previous generation did not have the type of shogunate. These changes are affecting the system of the Song Dynasty, so that the system of the Song Dynasty is different from the previous generation. With the departure of the Sui and Tang empires, the scholars of the Song Dynasty gradually washed away the impetuosity of the Tang people. Under the above conditions of assuming Mencius, the Song people began to think about the morality and the direction of development of the "Shi" group itself. The direct consequence of this kind of thinking is that the scholars of the Song Dynasty appeared to be particularly high in many dynasties. This kind of scholar and such taxi wind, to the Song Dynasty influence every aspect, certainly had the inevitable influence to the Song Dynasty's opening-up system. Under the background of the change of the scholar style and the expansion of the ways of entering the official office, the scholars showed a kind of seemingly languid attitude and an attitude of being tied to the world on the basis of the attitude they should have and the relationship between the scholar and the government. This is also a new characteristic of the scholars in the Song Dynasty, which is different from the scholars in the previous generation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K244

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