描摹多面向的大清帝国——以《何为清朝》为中心评介日本“清朝史”研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 19:51

【摘要】：日本清史学界存在完全依靠汉语史料的"清代史"和主要依托满语史料的"清朝史"两个群体。近年来"清朝史"群体学者在此前扎实的满语史料译注考证和清初政治史、制度史研究的基础上,开始探讨清朝国家特质及其在亚欧大陆历史进程中地位的问题。他们主张将清朝放在世界史发展中加以认知,把清朝定位为亚欧大陆上后蒙古时代的大陆帝国。他们通过对满文、汉文、蒙文及藏文史料的研究,强调清朝国家结构多元复合的特征和统治秩序的多样性,认为大清帝国是以八旗制为中核的刚性原则与统治手段的柔性运用的结合,是一种满洲型柔性专制。本文回顾清朝史的学术脉络,通过其最新代表作《何为清朝》评述其基本学术理念。
[Abstract]:There are two groups in Japanese Qing historiography: the Qing Dynasty History, which totally depends on Chinese historical data, and the Qing Dynasty History, which mainly relies on Manchu historical data. In recent years, on the basis of solid textual research on Manchu historical materials, political history and institutional history, scholars of Qing Dynasty began to explore the national characteristics of Qing Dynasty and its status in the historical process of Eurasian continent. They advocated that the Qing Dynasty should be recognized in the development of world history, and that the Qing Dynasty should be regarded as the continental empire of the post-Mongolian era in the Eurasian continent. Through their study of the historical materials of Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan, they emphasized the diversity of the pluralistic and complex national structure and the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty. It is considered that the Qing Empire was a flexible autocratic system of Manchuria based on the rigid principle of "eight banners" system and the flexible application of ruling means. This paper reviews the academic context of the history of the Qing Dynasty, and comments on its basic academic ideas through its latest masterpiece, what is the Qing Dynasty?
【作者单位】：北京大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部行动司专项项目(11200-3149001)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K249

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