两汉家学研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 17:29

【摘要】：两汉是中国封建教育和学术迅速崛起并发展的阶段。汉初统治者在实行无为政治、经济政策的同时，也实行了较为宽松、开明的文化政策。在此背景下，汉代学术尤其是经学的发展出现繁荣之势。家学则是两汉经学史上十分普遍的现象，它与经学的发展息息相关、相互影响，是两汉经学史上不可忽视的重要组成部分。汉武帝以后，在“独尊儒术”的文化政策影响下，汉朝的学校教育普遍发展，再加上以“经学取士”为重要内容的选官制度的确立，使得两汉家学也得以蓬勃发展。一方面，这些经学之家是汉代文化的重要传承者之一，家学通过父子相传的主要方式，对两汉经学的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。另一方面，家世经学常常形成累世公卿，这些由家学而致仕的势力也是构成两汉时期国家政权的基础之一。家学中多是名儒硕士，且常常担任重要官职，积极参政议政。尤其是世代传经、地位显赫的经学世家，他们或代为帝师，或世居显位，不仅是发展两汉文化教育事业的重要力量，也是当时国家政治力量的组成部分。本论文主要运用文献分析和研究的方法，，力求在充分利用历史文献的基础上，通过考、论结合，在两汉政治、经济、文化背景下，对家学的具体情况、规律特点进行细致分析，由此凸现家学在两汉经学史上的重要地位，并从宏观上掌握家学对两汉政治文化的贡献和影响。本论文力争在以下两个方面有所创新：首先，本文所探讨的论题“两汉家学研究”本身即有新意。汉代学术作为古代学术的一个重要组成部分，对当世以及其后两千年的中国学术思想都有着深刻的影响。前人对汉代学术已有颇多的研究和论述，有些问题探讨的相当广泛和深入，但是对“家学”现象的关注相对比较少，系统地从“家学”角度对两汉学术进行研究的著作更是少见。因此可以说，“两汉家学研究”论题本身是有一定新意的。其次，本论文在充分利用前人成果的基础上，通过分析研究提出了自己的观点，并得出了一些结论。比如，家学往往通过父以传子、子承父业以保持其继承性，于是前人往往认为父子所学必为一致，实际并不是如此，家学中改学的现象较多，也很突出。此外本论文在考论过程中，十分注重从全局出发，并不是孤立的关注“家学”现象，而是把它放在两汉经学的背景下，发掘其规律特点以及与经学发展的同异。
[Abstract]:The Han Dynasty was the stage of the rapid rise and development of Chinese feudal education and learning. In the early Han Dynasty, the rulers carried out policy of inaction and economy, but also carried out liberal and enlightened cultural policy. In this context, the Han Dynasty academic, especially the development of the emergence of prosperity. Family learning is a very common phenomenon in the history of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. It is closely related to the development of Confucian classics and has an important influence on each other. It is an important part of the history of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. After Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, under the influence of the cultural policy of "respecting Confucianism alone", the school education of Han Dynasty developed generally, and the establishment of the system of selecting officials with the important content of "taking scholars from the classics" made the family studies of the Han dynasties flourish. On the one hand, these schools of Confucian classics are one of the important inheritors of Han Dynasty culture. Through the main ways of father-son transmission, they have made an indelible contribution to the development of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. On the other hand, the family life classics often form the official Qing Dynasty, which is one of the bases of the state power in the Han Dynasty. Most of them are masters of Confucianism, and often hold important official positions, actively participate in politics. In particular, it is not only an important force to develop the cultural and educational undertakings of Han Dynasty, but also a component of the political power of the country at that time. This paper mainly uses the method of literature analysis and research to make full use of the historical literature, through examination, through the combination of theory, under the political, economic, cultural background of the Han Dynasty, to the specific situation of the family, the characteristics of the law to carry on the detailed analysis. From this, the important position of family study in the history of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty is highlighted, and its contribution and influence to the political culture of the Han Dynasty are grasped from the macro perspective. This thesis tries to innovate in the following two aspects: first, the thesis "the study of the Han Dynasty" itself has new ideas. As an important part of ancient learning, Han Dynasty academic thought had a profound influence on the contemporary and 2000 Chinese academic thought. There have been many researches and expositions on the academic studies of the Han Dynasty, and some problems have been discussed extensively and deeply, but the attention to the phenomenon of "family learning" is relatively few. It is rare to systematically study the academic works of Han Dynasty from the angle of "Family Studies". Therefore, it can be said that the topic of "the study of the Han Dynasty" itself has certain new ideas. Secondly, on the basis of making full use of the previous achievements, this paper puts forward its own viewpoint through analysis and research, and draws some conclusions. For example, the family school often through the father to pass on the son, the son inherits the father to maintain its inheritance, therefore the predecessor often thinks that the father and son learns must be consistent, actually is not so, the home studies changes the phenomenon to be many, also very prominent. In addition, this thesis pays much attention to the whole situation, not the phenomenon of "home study", but puts it in the background of the study of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty, and explores the characteristics of its laws and differences with the development of Confucian classics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K234;G529

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