土木之变史事考——兼论明清历史书写中的宦官话语

发布时间：2018-12-06 21:30

【摘要】：标志明英宗亲征以失败告终的"土木之变"这一明史重大事件,其关键环节,置于时间系列和空间位置上还原,则可以发现,因其纠结缠纽于宦官专权,加之清朝统治者辩护其统治合法性的需要,明清时期相关历史书写所建构的宦官话语,遮蔽、曲解了许多真相。其一,在亲征决策环节忽视了瓦剌威胁的重大、明朝京军统率体制的制约而夸张了司礼太监王振的影响;其二,在回师绕道环节上,或忽视或混淆了绕道的关键时点和地点,而以传言为信史,借以彰显王振之恣意;其三,在土木堡驻跸问题上,不言英宗执意寻找瓦剌主力决战之军事冒险,不察宣府北东路包括怀来城在内11城失守之形势,而只叙王振拒绝合理建言、罔虑君上安危、止顾私财的罪恶。
[Abstract]:The "civil engineering change", a major event in the history of the Ming Dynasty, which marked the failure of Ming Yingzong's kin recruitment, is a key link in the restoration of the time series and space position, and it can be found that because of its entanglement with eunuchs, it can be found that it is because of its entanglement with eunuchs. In addition, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty needed to defend the legitimacy of their rule, the eunuch discourse constructed by the relevant historical writings of the Ming and Qing dynasties, obscured and distorted many truths. First, in the pro-recruitment decision-making link ignored the threat of the great Wala, the Ming Dynasty Beijing military command system constraints and exaggerated the influence of Shi Li eunuchs Wang Zhen; Second, in the return division bypass link, or ignored or confused the key point of the bypass and place, and rumors as the history of information, in order to show Wang Zhen's wanton; Third, on the issue of civil castle residence, Yingzong did not say that Yingzong was determined to seek the military adventure of the main battle of Whara, and did not observe the situation of the 11 cities in Xuanfubei East Road, including Huailai City, which had fallen out of control, but only described Wang Zhen's refusal to give reasonable advice and worried about the safety of the king. Put an end to the evil of personal gain.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学明清史研究所;
【基金】：东北师范大学2012“双十计划项目”
【分类号】：K248.2

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